{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:07:35Z","timestamp":1761743255744},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4817,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The psychological effects of the Gulf War were studied on a group of Israeli civilians particularly at risk, viz. recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union. A quasi-experimental design was used. A sample of immigrants who had already been screened for psychological distress just before the war were reassessed after the war with the same instrument (PERI demoralization questionnaire). Various parameters related to the war period were also assessed. Psychological symptoms during the war were significantly associated with pre-war level of distress and with actual physical harm from the missiles, but not with exposure to danger (proximity of residence to areas hit by missiles). Correlates of behaviour in the face of life-threatening danger during the war (change of residence and help-seeking behaviour) were also identified. Overall the level of post-war psychological distress was not found to be higher than pre-war levels. This was explained by the immigrants' feelings of shared fate, belonging and sense of cohesion, which characterize the general Israeli population during war time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700035583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T13:37:42Z","timestamp":1247146662000},"page":"503-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Psychological distress among recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel, II. The effects of the Gulf War"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Lerner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Zilber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref004","first-page":"677","article-title":"Anxiety-related somatic reactions during missile attacks","volume":"27","author":"Carmeli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Israel Journal of MedicalSciences"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490050061026"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780240027003"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.72.9.1017"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00922627"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref007","volume-title":"The Emergency Medical Services, I: England and Wales","author":"Dunn","year":"1952"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref023","volume-title":"Statistical Package for the Social Sciences","author":"Nie","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.1.31"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930020"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.6.1002"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref026","volume-title":"Fear and Courage","author":"Rachman","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref014","first-page":"25","article-title":"Migration, adaptation and illness: a review","volume":"13","author":"Hull","year":"1979","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(86)90023-4"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref015","volume-title":"Air War and Emotional Stress","author":"Janis","year":"1951"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref016","volume-title":"Stress, Appraisal and Coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref017","first-page":"131","article-title":"Mental health attitudes and practices of Soviet immigrants","volume":"27","author":"Levav","year":"1990","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref018","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Stress and Anxiety Vol. 8","author":"Levy","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref019","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Trauma and Old Age: Coping with Stress of the Gulf War","author":"Lomranz","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref020","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Stress and Coping in Time of War","author":"Milgram","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref021","unstructured":"Mirsky J. , Barasch M. & Lerner Y. (1993). Soviet immigrants in Israel during the Gulf War. Patterns of distress.Paper presented at the 9th World Congress of Psychiatry, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil, June 1993."},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700006334"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref025","volume-title":"The Gulf War","author":"O'Ballance","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref027","volume-title":"The Psychological Sense of Community: Prospects for a Community Psychology","author":"Sarason","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref028","first-page":"687","article-title":"In the shadow of the Gulf War: psychological distress, social support and coping among Israeli soldiers in a high risk area","volume":"27","author":"Solomon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035571"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.8.848"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(88)90079-X"},{"key":"S0033291700035583_ref010","first-page":"294","volume-title":"Stress and Coping in Time of War","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291700035583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]],"date-time":"2019-05-12T21:50:23Z","timestamp":1557697823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291700035583\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291700035583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700035583","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}}}