{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:23:06Z","timestamp":1790878986888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6002,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey of an inner-city population of working-class and single mothers is described and the prevalence of anxiety and depression reported using two related diagnostic schemes, Bedford College caseness and DSM-III-R. This acts as an introduction to an analysis which indicates that adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence (involving parental indifference, and sexual and physical abuse) considerably raise risk of both depression and anxiety conditions (with the exception of mild agoraphobia and simple phobia) in adult life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700038939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T14:08:02Z","timestamp":1247148482000},"page":"143-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Aetiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in an inner-city population. 1. Early adversity"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"G. W.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. O.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.3.247"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700047334"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.143.2.183"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref009","unstructured":"Brewin C. R. , Andrews B. & Gotlib I. H. (1992). Psychopathology and early experience: a reappraisal of retrospective reports. Psychological Bulletin (in the press)."},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700041301"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(87)90003-6"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290060047009"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.3.305"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.115"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700010394"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(81)90038-0"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref037","volume-title":"Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study","author":"Robins","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700011831"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref047","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Panic and Phobia 2. Treatments and Variables Affecting Course and Outcome","author":"Wittchen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700052880"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref031","first-page":"317","article-title":"The parental bonding instrument: psychometric properties reviewed","volume":"4","author":"Parker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatric Developments"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.12.1493","article-title":"Prevalence of traumatic early life events in 31 agoraphobic patients with panic attacks","volume":"142","author":"Faravelli","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref028","volume-title":"Comorbidity of Mood and Anxiety Disorders","author":"Maser","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.2.168"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref025","volume-title":"The Classification of Depressive Illness","author":"Kendell","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700052892"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700003597"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.6.555"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.154.6.823"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref045","volume-title":"The PSE-JD-CATEGO Systems \u2013 A Supplementary Manual","author":"Wing","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.1.24"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref001","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000296219","article-title":"Anxiety disorders: similarities and differences of comorbidity in treated and untreated groups","volume":"159","author":"Wittchen","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(84)90052-X"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.5.630","article-title":"Childhood and family characteristics in panic and generalized anxiety disorders","volume":"143","author":"Torgersen","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700023151"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.4.526"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00850.x"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400000882"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref010","volume-title":"Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women","author":"Brown","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.6.612"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700004499"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810210027004"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.115.521.377"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.1.15"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.109.461.451"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790210016003"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref039","volume-title":"Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family","author":"Straus","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref044","volume-title":"The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: an Instruction Manual for the Present State Examination and CA TEGO Program","author":"Wing","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790300045005"},{"key":"S0033291700038939_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114201"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291700038939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T19:22:27Z","timestamp":1558034547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291700038939\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291700038939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700038939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}}}