{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:00:17Z","timestamp":1793325617487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]],"date-time":"2002-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012867200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Despite an abundance of clinical research on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms, few epidemiological data provide estimates of the prevalence, incidence, co-morbidity, stability and correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the community.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims.<\/jats:bold>\n                    To describe the prevalence, incidence, 12 co-morbidity factors and correlates of threshold and subthreshold PMDD in a community sample of young women.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Findings are based on prospective\u2013longitudinal community survey of 1488 women aged 14\u201324, who were followed-up over a period of 48 months (follow-up,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1251) as part of the EDSP sample. Diagnostic assessments were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and its 12-month PMDD diagnostic module administered by clinical interviewers. Diagnoses were calculated using DSM-IV algorithms, but daily ratings of symptoms, as required, were not available.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The baseline 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV PMDD was 5\u00b78%. Application of the diagnostic exclusion rules with regard to concurrent major depression and dysthymia decreased the rate only slightly (5\u00b73%). An additional 18\u00b76% were \u2018near-threshold\u2019 cases, mostly because they failed to meet the mandatory impairment criterion. Over the follow-up period only few new PMDD cases were observed: cumulative lifetime incidence was 7\u00b74%. PMDD syndrome was stable across 48 months with &lt;10% complete remissions among baseline PMDD cases. The 12-month and lifetime co-morbidity rates were high (anxiety disorders 47\u00b74%, mood disorders 22\u00b79%; somatoform 28\u00b74%), only 26\u00b75% had no other mental disorder. Particularly high odds ratios were found with nicotine dependence and PTSD. In terms of correlates increased rates of 4-weeks impairment days, high use of general health and mental health services, and increased rates of suicide attempts were found.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    In this sample of adolescents and young adults, premenstrual symptoms were widespread. However, DSM-IV PMDD was considerably less prevalent. PMDD is a relatively stable and impairing condition, with high rates of health service utilization, increased suicidality and substantial co-morbidity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291701004925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,14]],"date-time":"2008-08-14T06:17:31Z","timestamp":1218694651000},"page":"119-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":445,"title":["Prevalence, incidence and stability of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the community"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"H.-U.","family":"WITTCHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"BECKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"LIEB","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"KRAUSE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291701004925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T18:56:04Z","timestamp":1554490564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291701004925\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291701004925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291701004925","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}