{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:21:23Z","timestamp":1792002083108,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]],"date-time":"2004-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> We prospectively studied outcomes of sex reassignment, potential differences between subgroups of transsexuals, and predictors of treatment course and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p><jats:bold>Method.<\/jats:bold> Altogether 325 consecutive adolescent and adult applicants for sex reassignment participated: 222 started hormone treatment, 103 did not; 188 completed and 34 dropped out of treatment. Only data of the 162 adults were used to evaluate treatment. Results between subgroups were compared to determine post-operative differences. Adults and adolescents were included to study predictors of treatment course and outcome. Results were statistically analysed with logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> After treatment the group was no longer gender dysphoric. The vast majority functioned quite well psychologically, socially and sexually. Two non-homosexual male-to-female transsexuals expressed regrets. Post-operatively, female-to-male and homosexual transsexuals functioned better in many respects than male-to-female and non-homosexual transsexuals. Eligibility for treatment was largely based upon gender dysphoria, psychological stability, and physical appearance. Male-to-female transsexuals with more psychopathology and cross-gender symptoms in childhood, yet less gender dysphoria at application, were more likely to drop out prematurely. Non-homosexual applicants with much psychopathology and body dissatisfaction reported the worst post-operative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The results substantiate previous conclusions that sex reassignment is effective. Still, clinicians need to be alert for non-homosexual male-to-females with unfavourable psychological functioning and physical appearance and inconsistent gender dysphoria reports, as these are risk factors for dropping out and poor post-operative results. If they are considered eligible, they may require additional therapeutic guidance during or even <jats:italic>after<\/jats:italic> treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291704002776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,22]],"date-time":"2004-12-22T20:59:00Z","timestamp":1103749140000},"page":"89-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["Sex reassignment: outcomes and predictors of treatment for adolescent and adult transsexuals"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"YOLANDA L. S.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEPHANIE H. M.","family":"VAN GOOZEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ABRAHAM J.","family":"KUIPER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PEGGY T.","family":"COHEN-KETTENIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291704002776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T19:50:15Z","timestamp":1750449015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291704002776\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291704002776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291704002776","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]}}}