{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:57:51Z","timestamp":1790794671803,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]],"date-time":"2006-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> Previous reports of genetic influences on obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms have suggested moderate heritability. Family history studies of co-morbidity have found familial aggregation with tics, especially for early-onset OCD, and familial aggregation with anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method.<\/jats:bold> Heritability of OCD and familial aggregation of OCD, tics and anxiety disorders were investigated in a community sample of 6-year-old twins using a two-phase design in which 4662 twin pairs were sampled and 854 pairs were assessed in the second phase by maternal-informant diagnostic interview using DSM-IV criteria.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> In the multivariate model combined additive genetic and common environmental effects were estimated as 47% for sub-threshold OCD, and the model was unable to distinguish these sources of familial aggregation. There were strong familial aggregations between sub-threshold OCD and tics and between sub-threshold OCD and other anxiety disorders (80% and 97% respectively), although again specific sources could not be distinguished.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The findings are consistent with the hypothesis of a tic-related early-onset OCD phenotype, but also with the hypothesis of an anxiety-related early-onset OCD phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291706008816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]],"date-time":"2006-09-26T11:11:14Z","timestamp":1159269074000},"page":"39-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, tics and anxiety in 6-year-old twins"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"DEREK","family":"BOLTON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FR\u00dcHLING","family":"RIJSDIJK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THOMAS G.","family":"O'CONNOR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SEAN","family":"PERRIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THALIA C.","family":"ELEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291706008816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T23:12:19Z","timestamp":1554505939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291706008816\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291706008816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291706008816","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]]}}}