{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:20:10Z","timestamp":1783041610983,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,15]],"date-time":"2007-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192406400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291707001663_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depression is unclear. The authors performed a randomized controlled trial comparing real and sham adjunctive rTMS with 4-month follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291707001663_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty-nine patients with major depression were randomly assigned to a 10-day course of either real (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=29) or sham (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=30) rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Primary outcome measures were the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and proportions of patients meeting criteria for response (\u2a7e50% reduction in HAMD) and remission (HAMD\u2a7d8) after treatment. Secondary outcomes included mood self-ratings on Beck Depression Inventory-II and visual analogue mood scales, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score, and both self-reported and observer-rated cognitive changes. Patients had 6-week and 4-month follow-ups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291707001663_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were modestly reduced in both groups but with no significant group\u00d7time interaction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.09) or group main effect (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.85); the mean difference in HAMD change scores was \u22120.3 (95% CI \u22123.4 to 2.8). At end-of-treatment time-point, 32% of the real group were responders compared with 10% of the sham group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.06); 25% of the real group met the remission criterion compared with 10% of the sham group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.2); the mean difference in HAMD change scores was 2.9 (95% CI \u22120.7 to 6.5). There were no significant differences between the two groups on any secondary outcome measures. Blinding was difficult to maintain for both patients and raters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291707001663_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjunctive rTMS of the left DLPFC could not be shown to be more effective than sham rTMS for treating depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291707001663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,15]],"date-time":"2007-10-15T09:43:57Z","timestamp":1192441437000},"page":"323-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A randomized controlled trial with 4-month follow-up of adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex for 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