{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:48:11Z","timestamp":1791557291110,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]],"date-time":"2008-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206489600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S003329170800319X_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A potential association between schizophrenia and osteoporosis or osteopenia has recently been reported. Various factors affect bone mineral density (BMD) such as polydipsia, nicotine, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity, an unbalanced diet, a lack of ultraviolet exposure and\/or vitamin D. In addition, decreased BMD in women with schizophrenia has been attributed to drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia and\/or secondary hypogonadism. This study was undertaken because empirical evidence from larger patient cohorts is limited and the data are still controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329170800319X_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-two premenopausal, regularly menstruating women suffering from schizophrenia and 71 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum osteocalcin, urinary pyridinium crosslinks), parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a subgroup of 59 patients. In addition, 17\u03b2-oestradiol, prolactin, testosterone, gonadotrophins and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329170800319X_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with healthy controls, both markers of formation and resorption were increased in women with schizophrenia. However, in the subgroup of 59 patients, BMD was within the normal range. In women suffering from schizophrenia, testosterone levels were higher than in controls, and serum oestradiol levels were lower compared with the normal range.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329170800319X_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite significantly increased bone turnover, we conclude that premenopausal and regularly menstruating women suffering from schizophrenia have normal spine and hip BMD. This may be due to the opposite effects of the various parameters influencing bone metabolism, especially of the gonadal hormones, and due to an intact coupling mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329170800319x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]],"date-time":"2008-03-26T10:39:13Z","timestamp":1206527953000},"page":"1195-1201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["High bone turnover but normal bone mineral density in women suffering from schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Bergemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Parzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Auler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450290025833"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1618"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000150223.31007.e0"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000578"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref030","first-page":"3857","article-title":"Effects of lithium therapy on bone mineral metabolism: a two-year prospective longitudinal study","volume":"83","author":"Mak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-1-118"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref014","first-page":"5","article-title":"Elecsys immunoassay systems using electrochemiluminescence detection","volume":"110","author":"Erler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.9.1348"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.6.503"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.01.013"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(92)90519-D"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00158-3"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00321-8"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref006","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 4th edn","year":"1994"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(96)82517-0"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1982.tb06718.x"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199509000-00011"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.3.447"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.07.014"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464200-00003"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1205"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00062-L"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211740"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-5-1322"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079903125002865"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1189","article-title":"Cigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects","volume":"149","author":"Goff","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref017","first-page":"423","article-title":"A study on bone metabolism in women with hyperprolactinemia","volume":"46","author":"Fujimaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000118415"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.3.4.209"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117734"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197501)31:1<26::AID-JCLP2270310109>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref016","first-page":"37","article-title":"Long-term anticonvulsant therapy leads to low bone mineral density: evidence for direct drug effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on human osteoblast-like cells","volume":"108","author":"Feldkamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:2:3:299"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00129-4"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref050","volume-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for Research","year":"1993"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072885"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70304-7"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90119-4"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1173a","article-title":"Neuroleptics and bone mineral density","volume":"154","author":"Al-Adwani","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-006-0227-8","article-title":"CYP3A7*1C polymorphism, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women","volume":"80","author":"Basci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.07.016"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881103174011"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000162798.87249.4d"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30442-0","article-title":"Prolactin and neuroleptic drugs","volume":"17","author":"Green","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.3.388a","article-title":"Neuroleptics, prolactin, and osteoporosis","volume":"144","author":"Rogers","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2005.07.004"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345204"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0704"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199402103300611"},{"key":"S003329170800319X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.06.013"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003329170800319X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T18:56:20Z","timestamp":1556650580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003329170800319X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S003329170800319X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003329170800319x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]]}}}