{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:03:06Z","timestamp":1765609386617},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,23]],"date-time":"2008-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214179200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291708003735_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies have shown a temporal association between depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. However, the relationship between syndromes of depression and dementia is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291708003735_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1736 people aged \u2a7e65 years in China and 5222 older people in the UK were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS) and reinterviewed at follow-up. Five levels of syndromes of depression and dementia were diagnosed using the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (AGECAT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291708003735_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although there were fewer depressive syndromes in Chinese than British participants, both populations showed a similarly high level of syndromes of dementia (organic disorder) (20% for women, 14% for men). There was a significant cross-sectional correlation between syndrome levels of depression and dementia (correlation coefficients: 0.141\u20130.248 for Chinese, 0.168\u20130.248 for British). This was maintained for different age, gender and people with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between syndromes of baseline depression and follow-up dementia was less substantial: the correlation coefficient was 0.075 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.021\u20130.128] for the Chinese sample at the 1-year follow-up, and 0.093 (95% CI 0.061\u20130.125) for the British at the 2-year follow-up and 0.093 (95% CI 0.049\u20130.130) at the 4-year follow-up. This relationship disappeared in participants without baseline organic syndromes. In a multiple adjusted logistic regression analysis, an increased risk of organic syndromes seemed to be associated with baseline, mainly in the highest level of, depressive syndromes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291708003735_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between syndromes of depression and dementia might be temporal. The lack of an obvious dose\u2013response relationship between baseline depressive syndromes and follow-up dementia syndromes suggests that the causal relationship between depression and dementia needs further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291708003735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,23]],"date-time":"2008-06-23T06:24:53Z","timestamp":1214202293000},"page":"425-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Is the relationship between syndromes of depression and dementia temporal? 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