{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:37:13Z","timestamp":1774543033916,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291709005972_sec_001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most neuroimaging studies of specific phobia have investigated the animal subtype. The blood-injection-injury (BII) subtype is characterized by a unique biphasic psychophysiological response, which could suggest a distinct neural substrate, but direct comparisons between phobia types are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291709005972_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the neural responses during the presentation of phobia-specific stimuli in 12 BII phobics, 14 spider (SP) phobics and 14 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291709005972_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjective ratings showed that the experimental paradigm produced the desired symptom-specific effects. As in many previous studies, when viewing spider-related stimuli, SP phobics showed increased activation in dorsal anterior cingulate and anterior insula, compared to BII phobics and healthy controls. However, when viewing images of blood-injection-injuries, participants with BII phobia mainly showed increased activation in the thalamus and visual\/attention areas (occipito-temporo-parietal cortex), compared with the other two groups. The degree of provoked anxiety and disgust by phobia-relevant images was strongly associated with activation in several common regions across the two phobia groups (thalamus, cerebellum, occipito-temporal regions) but only correlated with activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and the anterior insula in the SP phobics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291709005972_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest partially distinct neurobiological substrates of animal and BII phobias and support their current classification as two distinct subtypes in the DSM-IV-TR. Further research is needed to better understand the precise neurobiological mechanisms in BII phobia and particularly the fainting response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291709005972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T09:12:48Z","timestamp":1242205968000},"page":"125-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The functional neuroanatomy of blood-injection-injury phobia: a comparison with spider phobics and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Caseras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Giampietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Vilarroya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Torrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mataix-Cols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198507)41:4<451::AID-JCLP2270410402>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.07.007"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03404.x"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.01.002"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00647-5"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.005"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200102)12:2<61::AID-HBM1004>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.04.024"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025048802629"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:1<38::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref009","first-page":"16","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow during anxiety provocation","volume":"58","author":"Fredrikson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90163-D"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950130020003"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref008","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders","author":"First","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.013"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref001","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.042"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00077-6"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.054"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/\/0269-8803.17.2.87"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.750253"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00072-T"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196111000-00004"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref017","volume-title":"A Research Agenda for DSM-V","author":"Kupfer","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0033291709005972_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(97)00135-5"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291709005972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]],"date-time":"2019-04-28T21:12:19Z","timestamp":1556485939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291709005972\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291709005972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291709005972","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]]}}}