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In an effort to group mental disorders on this basis, five clusters have been proposed. We now consider the second cluster, namely neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291709990274_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the literature in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by a DSM-V Task Force Study Group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291709990274_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cluster reflects disorders of neurodevelopment rather than a \u2018childhood\u2019 disorders cluster. It comprises disorders subcategorized in DSM-IV and ICD-10 as Mental Retardation; Learning, Motor, and Communication Disorders; and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Although these disorders seem to be heterogeneous, they share similarities on some risk and clinical factors. There is evidence of a neurodevelopmental genetic phenotype, the disorders have an early emerging and continuing course, and all have salient cognitive symptoms. Within-cluster co-morbidity also supports grouping these disorders together. Other childhood disorders currently listed in DSM-IV share similarities with the Externalizing and Emotional clusters. These include Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Separation Anxiety Disorder. The Tic, Eating\/Feeding and Elimination disorders, and Selective Mutisms were allocated to the \u2018Not Yet Assigned\u2019 group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291709990274_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurodevelopmental disorders meet some of the salient criteria proposed by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to suggest a classification cluster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291709990274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T15:40:56Z","timestamp":1254411656000},"page":"2013-2023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Neurodevelopmental disorders: Cluster 2 of the proposed meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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