{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:54:04Z","timestamp":1789872844139,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001078_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although psychiatric diagnostic systems have conceptualized mania as a discrete phenomenon, appropriate latent structure investigations testing this conceptualization are lacking. In contrast to these diagnostic systems, several influential theories of mania have suggested a continuous conceptualization. The present study examined whether mania has a continuous or discrete latent structure using a comprehensive approach including taxometric, information-theoretic latent distribution modeling (ITLDM) and predictive validity methodologies in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001078_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight dichotomous manic symptom items were submitted to a variety of latent structural analyses, including factor analyses, taxometric procedures and ITLDM, in 10105 ECA community participants. In addition, a variety of continuous and discrete models of mania were compared in terms of their relative abilities to predict outcomes (i.e. health service utilization, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and suicidal behavior).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001078_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taxometric and ITLDM analyses consistently supported a continuous conceptualization of mania. In ITLDM analyses, a continuous model of mania demonstrated 6.52:1 odds over the best-fitting latent class model (LCM) of mania. Factor analyses suggested that the continuous structure of mania was best represented by a single latent factor. Predictive validity analyses demonstrated a consistent superior ability of continuous models of mania relative to discrete models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001078_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study provided three independent lines of support for a continuous conceptualization of mania. The implications of a continuous model of mania are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291710001078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T12:11:51Z","timestamp":1274962311000},"page":"575-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Evidence for the continuous latent structure of mania in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area from multiple latent structure and construct validation methodologies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"J. 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