{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:31:02Z","timestamp":1777599062238,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]],"date-time":"2010-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1284595200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001625_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop empirically validated criteria for the diagnoses of clinically relevant somatization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001625_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was performed in a population-representative cohort consisting of 461 males (47.8%) and 503 females (52.2%), with an average age of 55.8 years (<jats:sc>s.d<\/jats:sc>.=11.1). Somatization, anxiety and depression were derived from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Mplus was used to perform confirmative factor analyses on the current DSM-IV symptom groups; on alternative symptom clusters previously suggested; and to perform latent class analysis in order to define an empirically derived cut-off for somatization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001625_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existence of symptom groups as described in DSM-IV was not supported by our data, whereas a differentiation between cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and general somatic symptoms did fit our data. Latent class analysis revealed two classes characterized by few (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=859) and many (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=105) symptoms. The class of subjects could be approached by a simple cut-off of four functional symptoms (sensitivity 79%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 82%, negative predictive value 97%) regardless of the number of organ systems involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710001625_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study in a large population-representative cohort suggests that a simple symptom count can be used as a dimensional diagnosis of somatization. In those instances in which a categorical diagnosis is preferred, a simple cut-off of four out of 43 functional symptoms best fitted our data. We did not find any added value for incorporating the number of symptom clusters into the diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291710001625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]],"date-time":"2010-09-16T10:29:05Z","timestamp":1284632945000},"page":"1133-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Empirical foundations for the diagnosis of somatization: implications for DSM-5"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"J. G. M.","family":"Rosmalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11101882","article-title":"Urinary albumin excretion is associated with renal functional abnormalities in a nondiabetic population","volume":"11","author":"Pinto-Sietsma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199609000-00010"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000145823.85658.0c"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(98)71343-X"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref003","first-page":"51","article-title":"A taxonomy of medically unexplained symptoms","volume":"47","author":"Deary","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref002","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(02)00247-5"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.42.1.14"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199710000-00003"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700010357"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref019","volume-title":"Mplus User's Guide","author":"Muthen","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.6.470"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00088-2"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000296136"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.48.4.277"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(95)00510-2"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00223-9"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00224-0"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220043029"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702005834"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31802e46eb"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.1.90"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.02.006"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31816aa0ee"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.03.005"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050026"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797004844"},{"key":"S0033291710001625_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830160080011"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291710001625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T02:16:12Z","timestamp":1636510572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291710001625\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291710001625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291710001625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]}}}