{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:11:28Z","timestamp":1790809888435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,7]],"date-time":"2010-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291680000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291710002357_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the long-term mental health of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (&lt;1000 g) survivors. We test whether young adults aged 22 to 26 years born at ELBW differ from normal birth weight (NBW) controls in self-reported levels of psychopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710002357_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included 142 ELBW survivors (86% response) born between 1977 and 1982 to residents of central-west Ontario, Canada and 133 NBW control subjects (92% response). The Young Adult Self-Report measure was used to create five DSM-IV oriented scales aggregated to form internalizing (depressive problems, anxiety problems, avoidant personality problems) and externalizing (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder problems and antisocial personality problems) scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710002357_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for family background characteristics, mean scores for ELBW survivors were 3.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78\u20135.26] points higher for internalizing problems and no different, i.e. 0.00 (95% CI \u22121.17 to 1.17), for externalizing problems. There was a sex\u00d7group statistical interaction such that being male muted the risk for externalizing problems among those born at ELBW: \u22122.11 (95% CI \u22124.21 to \u22120.01). Stratifying ELBW adults as born small for gestational age (SGA)<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) revealed a significant gradient of risk for levels of internalizing problems that was largest for SGA, i.e. 4.75 (95% CI 1.24\u20138.26), and next largest for AGA, 2.49 (95% CI 0.11\u20134.87), compared with NBW controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291710002357_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression, anxiety and avoidant personality problems (internalizing problems) are elevated in young adulthood among ELBW survivors. This effect is relatively small overall but noticeably larger among ELBW survivors born SGA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291710002357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,7]],"date-time":"2010-12-07T10:49:33Z","timestamp":1291718973000},"page":"1763-1774","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Psychopathology in young adults born at extremely low birth weight"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"M. H.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Miskovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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