{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:34:22Z","timestamp":1773293662851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291711000845_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on the relationship between core symptoms and daily functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are limited. Daily functioning was assessed as part of an open-label extension, and associations with symptom scores were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711000845_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>After a 5-week double-blind study with adults with ADHD receiving osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) methylphenidate (MPH) 18, 36 or 72 mg\/day, or placebo, participants were eligible for a 7-week open-label extension in which all patients received OROS MPH. Data for the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale \u2013 Observer: Screening Version (CAARS-O:SV) (primary endpoint) have been presented previously. Secondary endpoints included the observer self-reported short version of the CAARS (CAARS-S:S) and the Clinical Global Impressions \u2013 Severity Scale (CGI-S). Daily functioning and quality of life were assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) respectively. In <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic> analyses, changes in CAARS-O:SV were evaluated in subgroups. Relationships between symptom and functional outcomes were evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711000845_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 370 patients entered the open-label extension. Significant improvements from baseline in CAARS-O:SV were similar regardless of sex, ADHD subtype, prior treatment or psychiatric co-morbidity. Significant improvements from double-blind baseline were also seen for the CAARS-S:S, CGI-S, SDS and Q-LES-Q. Improvements in the CAARS-O:SV Hyperactivity\/Impulsivity subscale were associated with improvements in SDS total and subscale scores, and in the Q-LES-Q score at open-label endpoint. Improvements in CAARS-O:SV Inattention subscale and CGI-S scores were not significantly associated with functional changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711000845_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvements in ADHD symptoms relating to hyperactivity and impulsivity in adults receiving OROS MPH are associated with improvements in daily functioning and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291711000845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T08:58:42Z","timestamp":1306918722000},"page":"195-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Functional improvement and correlations with symptomatic improvement in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder receiving long-acting methylphenidate"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"J. 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