{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:39:49Z","timestamp":1791221989962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,26]],"date-time":"2011-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314316800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291711001681_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies suggest that alcohol-use disorder severity, defined by the number of criteria met, provides a more informative phenotype than dichotomized DSM-IV diagnostic measures of alcohol use disorders. Therefore, this study examined whether alcohol-use disorder severity predicted first-incident depressive disorders, an association that has never been found for the presence or absence of an alcohol use disorder in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711001681_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a national sample of persons who had never experienced a major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, manic or hypomanic episode (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=27 571), we examined whether a version of DSM-5 alcohol-use disorder severity (a count of three abuse and all seven dependence criteria) linearly predicted first-incident depressive disorders (MDD or dysthymia) after 3-year follow-up. Wald tests were used to assess whether more complicated models defined the relationship more accurately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711001681_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>First-incidence of depressive disorders varied across alcohol-use disorder severity and was 4.20% in persons meeting no alcohol-use disorder criteria <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 44.47% in persons meeting all 10 criteria. Alcohol-use disorder severity significantly predicted first-incidence of depressive disorders in a linear fashion (odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.22), even after adjustment for sociodemographics, smoking status and predisposing factors for depressive disorders, such as general vulnerability factors, psychiatric co-morbidity and subthreshold depressive disorders. This linear model explained the relationship just as well as more complicated models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711001681_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol-use disorder severity was a significant linear predictor of first-incident depressive disorders after 3-year follow-up and may be useful in identifying a high-risk group for depressive disorders that could be targeted by prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291711001681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,26]],"date-time":"2011-08-26T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1314352388000},"page":"695-703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Alcohol-use disorder severity predicts first-incidence of depressive disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Boschloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"van den Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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