{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:45:15Z","timestamp":1778060715635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323302400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291711002819_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate monitoring and integration of both internal and external feedback is crucial for guiding current and future behavior. These aspects of performance monitoring are commonly indexed by two event-related potential (ERP) components: error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback negativity (FN). The ERN indexes internal response monitoring and is sensitive to the commission of erroneous <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> correct responses, and the FN indexes external feedback monitoring of positive <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> negative outcomes. Although individuals with schizophrenia consistently demonstrate a diminished ERN, the integrity of the FN has received minimal consideration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711002819_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current research sought to clarify the scope of feedback processing impairments in schizophrenia in two studies: study 1 examined the ERN elicited in a flanker task in 16 out-patients and 14 healthy controls; study 2 examined the FN on a simple monetary gambling task in expanded samples of 35 out-patients and 33 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711002819_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study 1 replicated prior reports of an impaired ERN in schizophrenia. By contrast, patients and controls demonstrated comparable FN differentiation between reward and non-reward feedback in study 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291711002819_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differential pattern across tasks suggests that basic sensitivity to external feedback indicating reward <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> non-reward is intact in schizophrenia, at least under the relatively simple task conditions used in this study. Further efforts to specify intact and impaired reward-processing subcomponents in schizophrenia may help to shed light on the diminished motivation and goal-seeking behavior that are commonly seen in this disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291711002819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T10:01:08Z","timestamp":1323338468000},"page":"1637-1647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Impaired neural response to internal but not external feedback in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"W. P.","family":"Horan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Hajcak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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