{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T06:40:22Z","timestamp":1794465622608,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291712000025_sec_a001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research on the structure of co-morbidity among common mental disorders has largely focused on current prevalence rather than on the development of co-morbidity. This report presents preliminary results of the latter type of analysis based on the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291712000025_sec_a002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national survey was carried out of adolescent mental disorders. DSM-IV diagnoses were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) administered to adolescents and questionnaires self-administered to parents. Factor analysis examined co-morbidity among 15 lifetime DSM-IV disorders. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to predict first onset of each disorder from information about prior history of the other 14 disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291712000025_sec_a003\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Factor analysis found four factors representing fear, distress, behavior and substance disorders. Associations of temporally primary disorders with the subsequent onset of other disorders, dated using retrospective age-of-onset (AOO) reports, were almost entirely positive. Within-class associations (e.g. distress disorders predicting subsequent onset of other distress disorders) were more consistently significant (63.2%) than between-class associations (33.0%). Strength of associations decreased as co-morbidity among disorders increased. The percentage of lifetime disorders explained (in a predictive rather than a causal sense) by temporally prior disorders was in the range 3.7\u20136.9% for earliest-onset disorders [specific phobia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] and much higher (23.1\u201364.3%) for later-onset disorders. Fear disorders were the strongest predictors of most other subsequent disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291712000025_sec_a004\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent mental disorders are highly co-morbid. The strong associations of temporally primary fear disorders with many other later-onset disorders suggest that fear disorders might be promising targets for early interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291712000025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T11:59:13Z","timestamp":1327492753000},"page":"1997-2010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Lifetime co-morbidity of DSM-IV disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"R. 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