{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:15:30Z","timestamp":1773296130385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001529_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre- and perinatal adversities may increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hypoxia-related obstetric complications (OCs) are associated with brain anatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia, but their association with brain anatomy variation in bipolar disorder is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001529_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans, clinical examinations and data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were obtained for 219 adults, including 79 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder (age 29.4 years,<jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc>\u00a0=\u00a011.8 years, 39% male) and 140 healthy controls (age 30.8 years,<jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc>\u00a0=\u00a012.0 years, 53% male). Severe hypoxia-related OCs throughout pregnancy\/birth and perinatal asphyxia were each studied in relation to<jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic>selected brain volumes (hippocampus, lateral ventricles and amygdala, obtained with FreeSurfer), using linear regression models covarying for age, sex, medication use and intracranial volume. Multiple comparison adjustment was applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001529_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal asphyxia was associated with smaller left amygdala volume (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.59,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) in bipolar disorder patients, but not in healthy controls. Patients with psychotic bipolar disorder showed distinct associations between perinatal asphyxia and smaller left amygdala volume (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.69,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.010), whereas patients with non-psychotic bipolar disorder showed smaller right hippocampal volumes related to both perinatal asphyxia (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.60,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015) and severe OCs (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.25,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). No associations between asphyxia or severe OCs and the lateral ventricles were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001529_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre- and perinatal hypoxia-related OCs are related to brain morphometry in bipolar disorder in adulthood, with specific patterns in patients with psychotic<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>non-psychotic illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713001529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T13:11:54Z","timestamp":1376658714000},"page":"975-985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Pre- and perinatal hypoxia associated with hippocampus\/amygdala volume in bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"U. 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