{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:17:39Z","timestamp":1792149459907,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001748_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep benefits memory consolidation. Here, we tested the beneficial effect of sleep on memory consolidation following exposure psychotherapy of phobic anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001748_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 40 individuals afflicted with spider phobia according to DSM-IV underwent a one-session virtual reality exposure treatment and either slept for 90\u00a0min or stayed awake afterwards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001748_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep following exposure therapy compared with wakefulness led to better reductions in self-reported fear (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.47) and catastrophic spider-related cognitions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.53) during approaching a live spider, both tested after 1 week. Both reductions were associated with greater percentages of stage 2 sleep.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713001748_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that sleep following successful psychotherapy, such as exposure therapy, improves therapeutic effectiveness, possibly by strengthening new non-fearful memory traces established during therapy. These findings offer an important non-invasive alternative to recent attempts to facilitate therapeutic memory extinction and consolidation processes with pharmacological or behavioral interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713001748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T13:24:09Z","timestamp":1373462649000},"page":"1511-1519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Sleep enhances exposure therapy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Kleim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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