{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:44:58Z","timestamp":1786999498241,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377216000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291713002201_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain is a common symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We investigated the effects of the treatments used in the PACE trial [cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), graded exercise therapy (GET), adaptive pacing therapy (APT) and specialist medical care (SMC)] on pain in CFS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291713002201_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared pain outcomes including individual painful symptoms, taken from the CDC criteria for CFS and co-morbid fibromyalgia. We modelled outcomes adjusting for baseline variables with multiple linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291713002201_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significantly less frequent muscle pain was reported by patients following treatment with CBT compared to SMC (mean difference\u00a0=\u00a00.38 unit change in frequency,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02), GET\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      SMC (0.42,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01) and GET\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      APT (0.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01). Significantly less joint pain was reported following CBT\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      APT (0.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02) and GET\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      APT (0.36,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). Co-morbid fibromyalgia was less frequent following GET\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      SMC (0.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.03). The effect sizes of these differences varied between 0.25 and 0.31 for muscle pain and 0.24 and 0.26 for joint pain. Treatment effects on pain were independent of \u2018change in fatigue\u2019.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291713002201_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBT and GET were more effective in reducing the frequency of both muscle and joint pain than APT and SMC. When compared to SMC, GET also reduced the frequency of co-morbid fibromyalgia; the size of this effect on pain was small.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713002201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T06:05:49Z","timestamp":1377237949000},"page":"1545-1552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pain in chronic fatigue syndrome: response to rehabilitative treatments in the PACE trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"J. H.","family":"Bourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Chalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. D.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-007-9062-y"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref4","first-page":"311","article-title":"Copgnitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Castell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001027.pub2"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90099-X"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1360"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70037-4"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60096-2"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref2","volume-title":"Statistics with Confidence","author":"Bryant","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00255-3"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-7-6"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi013"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.03.015"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38301.587106.63"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref19","unstructured":"NICE (2007). Chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy): diagnosis and management, clinical guideline CG53 (http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/CG53). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Accessed 17 September 2012."},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref27","article-title":"Recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome after treatments given in the PACE trial","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.10.004"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.06.005"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.029"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2009.01464.x"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref5","first-page":"506","article-title":"Interventions for the treatment, management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an updated systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Chambers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002014.pub2"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-3-25"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003200.pub2"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68073-2"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref7a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.11.001"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689108400224"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.03.002"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref6","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3396"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.009"},{"key":"S0033291713002201_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.011"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291713002201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T16:30:33Z","timestamp":1555950633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291713002201\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291713002201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291713002201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]}}}