{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:09:49Z","timestamp":1784308189085,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003085_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Panic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003085_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipation and perception of an agoraphobia-specific stimulus set. During fMRI, 48 agoraphobia-specific and 48 neutral pictures were randomly presented with and without anticipatory stimulus indicating the content of the subsequent pictures (Westphal paradigm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003085_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the anticipation of agoraphobia-specific pictures, stronger activations were found in the bilateral ventral striatum and left insula in patients compared with controls. There were no group differences during the perception phase of agoraphobia-specific pictures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003085_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed stronger region-specific activations in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia in anticipation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Patients seem to process these stimuli more intensively based on individual salience. Hyperactivation of the ventral striatum and insula when anticipating agoraphobia-specific situations might be a central neurofunctional correlate of agoraphobia. Knowledge about the neural correlates of anticipatory and perceptual processes regarding agoraphobic situations will help to optimize and evaluate treatments, such as exposure therapy, in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713003085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T14:36:00Z","timestamp":1389105360000},"page":"2385-2396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Wittmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schlagenhauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Guhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Lueken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gaehlsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bermpohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fydrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pfleiderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.-U.","family":"Wittchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Arolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq031"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.02.007"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90140-8"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023584"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20096"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1033"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000535"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.11.1303"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00724-4"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01355-0"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0811-1"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11010006"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref44","volume-title":"DIA-X Interview. Instruktionsmanual zur Durchf\u00fchrung von DIA-X-Interviews (Instruction Manual for the DIA-X-Interview)","author":"Wittchen","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn029"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.493"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200506210-00010"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00285-1"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.042"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0162-0"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.07.026"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.08.033.2009"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.922"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465812000057"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref11","first-page":"217","volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00168-9"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.12.012"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.012"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200301200-00010"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.038"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref42","first-page":"138","article-title":"Agoraphobia, a neuropathological phenomenon [in German]","volume":"72","author":"Westphal","year":"1871","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00169-1"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.10.001"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.4.415"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.4\/kholzschneider","article-title":"Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders","volume":"13","author":"Holzschneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref19","volume-title":"Tests for Colour-Blindness","author":"Ishihara","year":"1917"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref23","volume-title":"International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Technical Manual and Affective Ratings","author":"Lang","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2265-08.2008"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref25","first-page":"2701","article-title":"Neural correlates of speech anticipatory anxiety in generalized social phobia","volume":"15","author":"Lorberbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"S0033291713003085_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0167-1"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291713003085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T19:51:59Z","timestamp":1647892319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291713003085\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291713003085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291713003085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]}}}