{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:48:21Z","timestamp":1793371701328,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]],"date-time":"2014-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003115_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the inclusion of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in DSM-5, little empirical data exist on the disorder. We estimated rates, co-morbidity, correlates and early childhood predictors of DMDD in a community sample of 6-year-olds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003115_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>DMDD was assessed in 6-year-old children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0462) using a parent-reported structured clinical interview. Age 6 years correlates and age 3 years predictors were drawn from six domains: demographics; child psychopathology, functioning, and temperament; parental psychopathology; and the psychosocial environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003115_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3-month prevalence rate for DMDD was 8.2% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038). DMDD occurred with an emotional or behavioral disorder in 60.5% of these children. At age 6 years, concurrent bivariate analyses revealed associations between DMDD and depression, oppositional defiant disorder, the Child Behavior Checklist\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Dysregulation Profile, functional impairment, poorer peer functioning, child temperament (higher surgency and negative emotional intensity and lower effortful control), and lower parental support and marital satisfaction. The age 3 years predictors of DMDD at age 6 years included child attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, the Child Behavior Checklist\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Dysregulation Profile, poorer peer functioning, child temperament (higher child surgency and negative emotional intensity and lower effortful control), parental lifetime substance use disorder and higher parental hostility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291713003115_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A number of children met DSM-5 criteria for DMDD, and the diagnosis was associated with numerous concurrent and predictive indicators of emotional and behavioral dysregulation and poor functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713003115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T08:20:48Z","timestamp":1390292448000},"page":"2339-2350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["DSM-5 disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: correlates and predictors in young children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"L. R.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Bufferd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stringaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Leibenluft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. N.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref6","first-page":"1342","article-title":"Examining the proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder diagnosis in the longitudinal assessment of mania symptoms study","volume":"73","author":"Axelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/350547"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.4.505"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983433"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(87)90023-7"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms and Profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023678"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2010.517736"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131652"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.01.004"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref14","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test","author":"Dunn","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref5","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940000701X"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01029.x"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref3","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Adult outcomes of childhood dysregulation: a 14-year follow-up study","volume":"49","author":"Althoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref15","volume-title":"Teaching Tasks Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Egeland","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10050766"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref2","volume-title":"Manual for ASEBA Preschool Forms and Profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.004"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref4","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref31","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Developmental Psychopathology and Wellness: Genetic and Environmental Influences","author":"Rettew","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121849"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.430"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref19","volume-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders\u2014Non-Patient Edition","author":"First","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref27a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.456"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref16","volume-title":"The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment: Version 1.1","author":"Egger","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02546.x"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00355"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.042"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref37","first-page":"474","article-title":"What's in a disruptive disorder? Temperamental antecedents of oppositional defiant disorder: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study","volume":"49","author":"Stringaris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12010132"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181984f30"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12020268"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.546046"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref16a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.08.006"},{"key":"S0033291713003115_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02309.x"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291713003115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T21:32:53Z","timestamp":1555882373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291713003115\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291713003115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291713003115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]]}}}