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Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291714000294_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this meta-analysis we review the findings from neuropsychological studies on set-shifting in people with eating disorders (EDs) or overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714000294_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Web of Science) were searched for eligible studies. Effect sizes (ESs) were pooled using random-effects models. Moderator analyses were conducted for ED and overweight\/obese subgroups, adult\/adolescent samples and measures of set-shifting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714000294_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty-four studies with a total of 1825 ED patients [1394 anorexia nervosa (AN), 376 bulimia nervosa (BN) and 55 binge eating disorder (BED)] and 10 studies with a total of 449 overweight\/obese individuals were included. The meta-analysis revealed a small to medium ES for inefficient set-shifting across all three ED diagnoses (Hedges\u2019<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.45). Subgroup analyses yielded small to medium ESs for each ED subtype (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.44 for AN, \u20130.53 for BED, \u20130.50 for BN), which did not differ significantly. There was a medium ES for restricting type AN (ANR;<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.51) but no significant ES for binge\/purge type AN (AN\/BP;<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.18). A medium ES was found across obesity studies (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.61). The ES across overweight studies was not significant (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.07). Adult samples did not differ from adolescent samples in either ED or overweight\/obesity studies. The different set-shifting measures were associated with largely varying ESs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714000294_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The meta-analysis provides strong support that inefficient set-shifting is a salient neuropsychological phenomenon across ED subtypes and obesity, but is less prominent in AN\/BP and overweight. Compulsivity seems to be a common underlying factor supporting a dimensional and transdiagnostic conceptualization of EDs and obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291714000294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T13:41:53Z","timestamp":1393422113000},"page":"3365-3385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Set-shifting ability across the spectrum of eating disorders and in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and 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