{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:17:21Z","timestamp":1794003441701,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001470_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DSM criteria for adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not been tested in American Psychiatric Association (APA) field trials for either DSM-IV or DSM-5. This study aimed to assess: (<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>) the prevalence of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria; (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>) the factor solution that provides the best fit for ADHD symptoms; (<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>) the symptoms with the highest predictive value for clinical impairment; and (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>) the best symptomatic threshold for each ADHD dimension (inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001470_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trained psychologists evaluated 4000 young adults from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study with an instrument covering all DSM-5 ADHD criteria. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the best factor structure. Complex logistic regressions assessed differential contributions of each symptom to clinical impairment. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses tested which would be the best symptomatic cut-off in the number of symptoms for predicting impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001470_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of DSM-5 ADHD was 3.55% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98\u20134.12]. The estimated prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD was 2.8%. CFA revealed that a bifactor model with a single general factor and two specific factors provided the best fit for DSM-5 symptoms. Inattentive symptoms continued to be the most important predictors of impairment in adults. The best cut-offs were five symptoms of inattention and four symptoms of hyperactivity\/impulsivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001470_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results, combined with previous findings, suggest a 27% increase in the expected prevalence of ADHD among young adults, comparing DSM-IV to DSM-5 criteria. The DSM-5 symptomatic organization derived a similar factor structure for adults as DSM-IV symptoms. Data using DSM-5 criteria support lowering the symptomatic threshold for diagnosing ADHD in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291714001470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T14:02:23Z","timestamp":1403532143000},"page":"361-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["ADHD in DSM-5: a field trial in a large, representative sample of 18- to 19-year-old adults"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Matte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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