{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:28:19Z","timestamp":1758126499850},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403222400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001500_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive deficits are well documented in ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) users, with such deficits being taken as evidence of dysregulation of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system. More recently neuroimaging has been used to corroborate these deficits. The present study aimed to assess multitasking performance in ecstasy polydrug users, polydrug users and drug-naive individuals. It was predicted that ecstasy polydrug users would perform worse than non-users on the behavioural measure and this would be supported by differences in cortical blood oxygenation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001500_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the study, 20 ecstasy-polydrug users, 17 polydrug users and 19 drug-naive individuals took part. On day 1, drug use history was taken and questionnaire measures were completed. On day 2, participants completed a 20-min multitasking stressor while brain blood oxygenation was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001500_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no significant differences between the three groups on the subscales of the multitasking stressor. In addition, there were no significant differences on self-report measures of perceived workload (NASA Task Load Index). In terms of mood, ecstasy users were significantly less calm and less relaxed compared with drug-naive controls. There were also significant differences at three voxels on the fNIRS, indicating decreased blood oxygenation in ecstasy users compared with drug-naive controls at voxel 2 (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), voxel 14 and voxel 16 (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and compared with polydrug controls at V14.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291714001500_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study provide support for changes in brain activation during performance of demanding tasks in ecstasy polydrug users, which could be related to cerebral vasoconstriction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291714001500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T13:30:03Z","timestamp":1403271003000},"page":"395-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Differences in prefrontal blood oxygenation during an acute multitasking stressor in ecstasy polydrug users"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"C. 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