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Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291715000963_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Substantial healthcare resources are devoted to panic disorder (PD) and coronary heart disease (CHD); however, the association\n                      <jats:italic>between these conditions remains controversial. Our objective was to<\/jats:italic>\n                      conduct a systematic review of studies assessing the association between PD, related syndromes, and incident CHD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291715000963_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant studies were retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS and PsycINFO without restrictions from inception to January 2015 supplemented with hand-searching. We included studies that reported hazard ratios (HR) or sufficient data to calculate the risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) which were pooled using a random-effects model. Studies utilizing self-reported CHD were ineligible. Twelve studies were included comprising 1 131 612 persons and 58 111 incident CHD cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291715000963_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PD was associated with the primary incident CHD endpoint [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.47, 95% CI 1.24\u20131.74,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00001] even after excluding angina (aHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.22\u20131.81,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00001). High to moderate quality evidence suggested an association with incident major adverse cardiac events (MACE; aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.69,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0004) and myocardial infarction (aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12\u20131.66,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). The risk for CHD was significant after excluding depression (aHR 1.64, 95% CI 1.45\u20131.85) and after depression adjustment (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.87). Age, sex, length of follow-up, socioeconomic status and diabetes were sources of heterogeneity in the primary endpoint.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291715000963_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analysis showed that PD was independently associated with incident CHD, myocardial infarction and MACE; however, reverse causality cannot be ruled out and there was evidence of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291715000963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T04:46:59Z","timestamp":1433134019000},"page":"2909-2920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Panic disorder and incident coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-regression in 1 131 612 persons and 58 111 cardiac events"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"P. 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