{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1793140584146,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447027200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002123_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding individual-level changes in mental health status after prison release is crucial to providing targeted and effective mental health care to ex-prisoners. We aimed to describe trajectories of psychological distress following prison discharge and compare these trajectories with mental health service use in the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002123_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was administered to 1216 sentenced adult prisoners in Queensland, Australia, before prison release and approximately 1, 3 and 6 months after release. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify K10 trajectories after release. Contact with community mental health services in the year following release was assessed via data linkage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002123_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified five trajectory groups, representing consistently <jats:italic>low<\/jats:italic> (51.1% of the cohort), consistently <jats:italic>moderate<\/jats:italic> (29.8%), <jats:italic>high increasing<\/jats:italic> (11.6%), <jats:italic>high declining<\/jats:italic> (5.5%) and consistently <jats:italic>very high<\/jats:italic> (1.9%) psychological distress. Mood disorder, anxiety disorder, history of self-harm and risky drug use were risk factors for the <jats:italic>high increasing, very high<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>high declining<\/jats:italic> trajectory groups. Women were over-represented in the <jats:italic>high increasing<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>high declining<\/jats:italic> groups, but men were at higher risk of <jats:italic>very high<\/jats:italic> psychological distress. Within the <jats:italic>high increasing<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>very high<\/jats:italic> groups, 25% of participants accessed community mental health services in the first year post-release, for a median of 4.4 contact hours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002123_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the majority of prisoners with high to very high psychological distress, distress persists after release. However, contact with mental health services in the community appears low. Further research is required to understand barriers to mental health service access among ex-prisoners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291715002123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T05:20:17Z","timestamp":1447046417000},"page":"611-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Trajectories of psychological distress after prison release: implications for mental health service need in ex-prisoners"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"E. G.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Spittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. B.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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