{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T20:00:48Z","timestamp":1785182448053,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449532800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002688_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal stress during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm delivery (PD), but the associations between stress and subtypes of PD are not clear. We investigated maternal loss of a close relative and risks of very and moderately PD (&lt;32 and 32\u201336 weeks, respectively) and spontaneous and medically indicated PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002688_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 4 940 764 live singleton births in Denmark (1978\u20132008) and Sweden (1973\u20132006). We retrieved information on death of women's family members (children, partner, siblings, parents), birth outcomes and maternal characteristics from nationwide registries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002688_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the death of a close family member the year before pregnancy or in the first 36 weeks of pregnancy was associated with a 7% increased risk of PD [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04\u20131.10]. The highest hazard ratios (HR) for PD were found for death of an older child [HR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.10\u20131.31)] and for death of a partner [HR (95% CI) 1.31 (1.03\u20131.66)]. These losses were associated with higher risks of very preterm [HR (95% CI) 1.61 (1.29\u20132.01) and 2.07 (1.15\u20133.74), respectively] than of moderately preterm [HR (95% CI) 1.14 (1.03\u20131.26) and 1.22 (0.94\u20131.58), respectively] delivery. There were no substantial differences in the association between death of a child or partner and the risk of spontaneous <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> medically indicated PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291715002688_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Death of a close family member the year before or during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PD, especially very PD. Possible mechanisms include both spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291715002688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T08:50:02Z","timestamp":1449651002000},"page":"1163-1173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Maternal bereavement and the risk of preterm delivery: the importance of gestational age and of the precursor of preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"K. D.","family":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Obel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cnattingius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00644.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2013.846300"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217503257484"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.006"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318280da0f"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00441.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00679.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14164.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref51","unstructured":"National Board of Health and Welfare (2009). Quality and content of the Patient Register. Discharges from inpatient care 1964\u20132007 and visits to specialized outpatient care (excluding primary care visits) 1997\u20132007 (http:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/Lists\/Artikelkatalog\/Attachments\/8306\/2009-125-15_200912515_rev2.pdf). Accessed 22 April 2015."},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref59","first-page":"25","article-title":"Risk of spontaneous preterm birth in relation to maternal depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms","volume":"58","author":"Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31825838e9"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706475"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101453"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70042-X"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref61","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden (2010). Multi-generation register 2009: description of contents and quality (http:\/\/www.scb.se\/statistik\/_publikationer\/BE9999_2009A01_BR_BE96BR1003.pdf). Accessed 10 December 2014."},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2009.01160.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.664201"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den418"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref36","first-page":"320","article-title":"The Danish Medical Birth Registry","volume":"45","author":"Knudsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref3","first-page":"263","article-title":"The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences","volume":"46","author":"Andersen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref17","unstructured":"Danish Health and Medicine Authority (2013). Recommendations for prenatal care (http:\/\/sundhedsstyrelsen.dk\/publ\/Publ2013\/10okt\/Svangreomsorg2013.pdf). Accessed 22 April 2015."},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref56","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Danish Civil Registration System. A cohort of eight million persons","volume":"53","author":"Pedersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12198"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820a62ce"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref50","unstructured":"National Board of Health and Welfare (2003). The Swedish Medical Birth Register-A summary of content and quality (http:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/Lists\/Artikelkatalog\/Attachments\/10655\/2003-112-3_20031123.pdf). Accessed 22 April 2015."},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws383"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01209.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh122"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.12.2125"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199805000-00011"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.014"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.4.293"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000170331.74960.ad"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(83)90050-8"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600566121"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199607000-00001"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq127"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00550"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.007"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref48","first-page":"82","article-title":"The Danish Psychiatric Central Register","volume":"44","author":"Munk-Jorgensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002353"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340601088406"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000244025.20549.bd"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050600965882"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2005.14.627"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.3.347"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S54269"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2009.05.004"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.08.006"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709034900"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf131"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02160.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.04.001"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.033"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem301"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011305300690"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200211000-00008"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1331"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.8.1358"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp061"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00637.x"},{"key":"S0033291715002688_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf176"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291715002688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T15:48:07Z","timestamp":1555688887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291715002688\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291715002688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291715002688","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]}}}