{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:18:16Z","timestamp":1780546696313,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000507_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fronto-limbic structural brain abnormalities have been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but findings in individuals at increased genetic risk of developing BD have been inconsistent. We conducted a study in adolescents and young adults (12\u201330 years) comparing measures of fronto-limbic cortical and subcortical brain structure between individuals at increased familial risk of BD (at risk; AR), subjects with BD and controls (CON). We separately examined cortical volume, thickness and surface area as these have distinct neurodevelopmental origins and thus may reflect differential effects of genetic risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000507_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared fronto-limbic measures of grey and white matter volume, cortical thickness and surface area in 72 unaffected-risk individuals with at least one first-degree relative with bipolar disorder (AR), 38 BD subjects and 72 participants with no family history of mental illness (CON).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000507_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AR group had significantly reduced cortical thickness in the left pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared with the CON group, and significantly increased left parahippocampal gyral volume compared with those with BD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000507_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The finding of reduced cortical thickness of the left pars orbitalis in AR subjects is consistent with other evidence supporting the IFG as a key region associated with genetic liability for BD. The greater volume of the left parahippocampal gyrus in those at high risk is in line with some prior reports of regional increases in grey matter volume in at-risk subjects. Assessing multiple complementary morphometric measures may assist in the better understanding of abnormal developmental processes in BD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291716000507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T09:55:49Z","timestamp":1460454949000},"page":"2083-2096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Abnormalities in left inferior frontal gyral thickness and parahippocampal gyral volume in young people at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lenroot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Frankland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. K.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. B.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986025001060"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv261"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.06.004"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12024"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031913"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109848"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.11.026"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21239"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.004"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.111"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.06.003"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm120"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10060896"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770350071006"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.10.018"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413496482"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.015"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140142"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref34","volume-title":"Children's Depression Inventory (CDI)","author":"Kovacs","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001081"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.024"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.10.974"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.05.019"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.003"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.546"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref70","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence","author":"Wechsler","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01350-1"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.7.734"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950110009002"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.09.033"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450500505662"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290080001001"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13081008"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.021"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.044"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01000.x"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.016"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.126"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.06.055"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.015"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00893.x"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1459-13.2013"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.005"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.01.017"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00284.x"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01022.x"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318167656e"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01747.x"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00304-1"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-004-1224-0"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12193"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.10.017"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00024-4"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1615","article-title":"Overlapping and segregating structural brain abnormalities in twins with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder","volume":"69","author":"Hulshoff Pol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.001"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00238.x"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(00)00084-6"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref24","volume-title":"Manic\u2013Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression","author":"Goodwin","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref43","volume-title":"Family Interview for Genetic Studies: Clinical Neurogenetics Branch","author":"Maxwell","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000159948.75136.0d"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.3"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00609.2003"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.65"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.03.006"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"S0033291716000507_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12117"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291716000507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T02:24:04Z","timestamp":1555640644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291716000507\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291716000507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291716000507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]}}}