{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:19:10Z","timestamp":1781756350808,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466726400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000738_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000738_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were aged 26\u201336 years at baseline (2004\u20132006) and 31\u201341 years at follow-up (2009\u20132011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000738_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56\u20131.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99\u20132.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61\u20130.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716000738_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291716000738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T10:38:39Z","timestamp":1466764719000},"page":"2535-2548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"S. 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