{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:01:57Z","timestamp":1790175717703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471219200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291716001847_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While trauma-focused cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is the \u2018gold standard\u2019 treatment for pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the neural mechanisms by which TF-CBT produces clinical benefit. Here, we test the hypothesis that PTSD symptom reduction during TF-CBT among adolescent girls with PTSD is associated with changes in patterns of brain functional connectivity (FC) with the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716001847_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent girls with PTSD related to physical or sexual assault (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 34) were enrolled in TF-CBT, delivered in an approximately 12-session format, in an open trial. Before and after treatment, they were engaged in a cognitive reappraisal task, probing neural mechanisms of explicit emotion regulation, during 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716001847_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among adolescent girls completing TF-CBT with usable pre- and post-treatment scans (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20), improvements in self-reported emotion from pre- to post-treatment were positively related to improvements in PTSD symptoms. Adolescent girls with greater post-treatment symptom reduction were also able to suppress amygdala\u2013insula FC while re-appraising, which was not evident in girls with less symptom reduction. Pre- to post-treatment changes in right amygdala to left insula FC that scaled with PTSD symptom reduction also scaled with improvements in emotion regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716001847_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These preliminary results suggest the neurocircuitry mechanisms through which TF-CBT produces clinical outcomes, providing putative brain targets for augmenting TF-CBT response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291716001847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T02:21:11Z","timestamp":1471227671000},"page":"3013-3023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Changes in functional connectivity of the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal predict symptom reduction during trauma-focused cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy among adolescent girls with post-traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"J. 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