{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:28:13Z","timestamp":1789000093670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481500800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291716003196_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). We examined whether metabolic dysregulation predicted the 2-year course of clinical depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716003196_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 285 older persons (\u2a7e60 years) suffering from depressive disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria was followed up for 2 years. Severity of depression was assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) at 6-month intervals. Metabolic syndrome was defined according the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP-ATP III). We applied logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, years of education, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, somatic co-morbidity, cognitive functioning and drug use (antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs) and severity of depression at baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716003196_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MS predicted non-remission at 2 years (odds ratio<jats:sub>per component<\/jats:sub> = 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.00\u20131.58), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.047), which was driven by the waist circumference and HDL cholesterol. MS was not associated with IDS sum score. Subsequent analyses on its subscales, however, identified an association with the somatic symptom subscale score over time (interaction time \u00d7 somatic subscale, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), driven by higher waist circumference and elevated fasting glucose level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291716003196_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic dysregulation predicts a poor course of late-life depression. This finding supports the concept of \u2018metabolic depression\u2019, recently proposed on population-based findings of a protracted course of depressive symptoms in the presence of metabolic dysregulation. Our findings seem to be driven by abdominal obesity (as indicated by the waist circumference) and HDL cholesterol dysregulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291716003196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,11]],"date-time":"2016-12-11T21:36:01Z","timestamp":1481492161000},"page":"1041-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Metabolic dysregulation and late-life depression: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"R. M.","family":"Marijnissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Vogelzangs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. H. 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