{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:19:53Z","timestamp":1793744393891,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0033291717001283_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our understanding of the complex relationship between schizophrenia symptomatology and etiological factors can be improved by studying brain-based correlates of schizophrenia. Research showed that impairments in value processing and executive functioning, which have been associated with prefrontal brain areas [particularly the medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC)], are linked to negative symptoms. Here we tested the hypothesis that MOFC thickness is associated with negative symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291717001283_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 1985 individuals with schizophrenia from 17 research groups around the world contributing to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Cortical thickness values were obtained from T1-weighted structural brain scans using FreeSurfer. A meta-analysis across sites was conducted over effect sizes from a model predicting cortical thickness by negative symptom score (harmonized Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291717001283_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Meta-analytical results showed that left, but not right, MOFC thickness was significantly associated with negative symptom severity (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>std<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.075;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019) after accounting for age, gender, and site. This effect remained significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.036) in a model including overall illness severity. Covarying for duration of illness, age of onset, antipsychotic medication or handedness weakened the association of negative symptoms with left MOFC thickness. As part of a secondary analysis including 10 other prefrontal regions further associations in the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and pars opercularis emerged.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291717001283_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using an unusually large cohort and a meta-analytical approach, our findings point towards a link between prefrontal thinning and negative symptom severity in schizophrenia. This finding provides further insight into the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291717001283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1495774421000},"page":"82-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Walton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. P.","family":"Hibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. G. M.","family":"van Erp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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