{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:21:22Z","timestamp":1794468082959,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychopathy is an adult condition that incurs substantial societal and individual costs. Here we review neurocognitive and genetically informative studies that shed light on how and why this condition emerges. Children cannot present with psychopathy. However, the presence of callous\u2013unemotional (CU) traits can distinguish a group of children who are at elevated risk of psychopathy in adulthood. These children display diminished empathy and guilt and show attenuated brain activation to distress cues in others. Genetically informative studies indicate that individual differences in CU traits show moderate-to-strong heritability, but that protective environmental factors can counter heritable risk. On the basis of the extant research findings, we speculate on what might represent the priorities for research over the next decade. We also consider the clinical implications of these research findings. In particular, we consider the importance of delineating what precisely works for children with CU traits (and their parents) and the ways in which intervention and prevention programs may be optimized to improve engagement as well as clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291717002847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T03:05:49Z","timestamp":1508123149000},"page":"566-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Understanding the development of psychopathy: progress and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Viding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"McCrory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11081270"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.023"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1149154"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000165"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.029"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.02012.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref89","first-page":"966","volume-title":"Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","author":"Viding","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00648.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611420730"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2070"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12113"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02236.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.03.004"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854807310159"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-9-23"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12474"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02353.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07071145"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2012.00776.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.1.155"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4540"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6603_3"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.089441"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000292"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21473"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940800028X"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.190.5.s33"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000557"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.6.956"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref47","volume-title":"The Psychopath Whisperer: The Science of Those Without Conscience","author":"Kiehl","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02492.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.030"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref74","volume-title":"Manual for the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale","author":"Paulhus","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00570"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.581624"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref37","volume-title":"Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist","author":"Hare","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000205"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023899703866"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3283328df4"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.117.3.606"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref29","first-page":"656","article-title":"Etiology of different developmental trajectories of callous-unemotional traits","volume":"49","author":"Fontaine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022620"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416001267"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.5.586"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10010129"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106287354"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774508100984"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3283650f83"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02323.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085720"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.89"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.018"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941200020X"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12213"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315612"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Empathic accuracy in male adolescents with conduct disorder and higher versus lower levels of callous-unemotional traits","author":"Martin-Key","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.7.799"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609985113"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.455"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12557"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701444223"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021928018403"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02603.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref15","volume-title":"The Mask of Sanity","author":"Cleckley","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111381"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9574-7"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056619"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019709"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.07.016"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.022"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941200048X"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12020191"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036457"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-010-9243-3"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12494"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065789"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000966"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01222-7"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2423"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12152"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12155"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref33","volume-title":"The Antisocial Process Screening Device","author":"Frick","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-013-9385-y"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref73","unstructured":"Patrick CJ (2010). Operationalizing the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Preliminary description of brief scales for assessment of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Unpublished test manual, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. Test retrieved from (https:\/\/www.phenxtoolkit.org\/index.php?pageLink=browse.protocoldetails&id=121601)."},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20216"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104515621961"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02280.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00393.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0899-1"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9557-8"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000569"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534650112463429"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.03.001"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12063"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0240-6"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02435.x"},{"key":"S0033291717002847_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-014-0167-1"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291717002847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T19:42:42Z","timestamp":1555357362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291717002847\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291717002847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291717002847","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]]}}}