{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:57:35Z","timestamp":1769554655320,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,14]],"date-time":"2018-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291717003762_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous work showed traumatic life events (TLE) <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> intention to harm, like bullying and abuse, to be more strongly associated with psychotic experiences (PE) than other types of trauma, like accidents. However, this association is subject to reporting bias and can be confounded by demographic characteristics and by differences in dose of exposure across different trauma categories. We studied the association between TLE <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic> intention to harm and PE, taking into account potential confounders and biases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291717003762_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2245 children and adolescents aged 6\u201314 years were interviewed by psychologists. The interview included the presence of 20 PE (both self-report and psychologist evaluation). In addition, parents provided information on child exposure to trauma, mental health and PE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291717003762_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results showed no significant association between TLE <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic> intention to harm only and PE for the three methods of assessment of PE (<jats:italic>self-report<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>parent report<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>psychologist rating<\/jats:italic>). On the other hand, there was a positive association between PE and TLE in groups exposed to traumatic experiences <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> intention to harm (<jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> intention to harm only and <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic> intention to harm). Results remained significant after controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, but this positive association was no longer significant after adjusting for the number of TLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291717003762_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>TLE <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> intention to harm display a stronger association with PE than TLE <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic> intention to harm, and this difference is likely reducible to a greater level of traumatic exposure associated with TLE <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> intention to harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291717003762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,14]],"date-time":"2018-01-14T11:30:56Z","timestamp":1515929456000},"page":"2235-2246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The association between psychotic experiences and traumatic life events: the role of the intention to 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