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In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the relationship between childhood interpersonal maltreatment and dissociation in 65 studies with 7352 abused or neglected individuals using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). We extracted DES-scores for abused and non-abused populations as well as information about type of abuse\/neglect, age of onset, duration of abuse, and relationship to the perpetrator. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis, and meta-regression was used to predict DES-scores in abused populations from maltreatment characteristics. The results revealed higher dissociation in victims of childhood abuse and neglect compared with non-abused or neglected subsamples sharing relevant population features (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Abuse<\/jats:sub>= 23.5,<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Neglect<\/jats:sub>= 18.8,<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Control<\/jats:sub>= 13.8) with highest scores for sexual and physical abuse. An earlier age of onset, a longer duration of abuse, and parental abuse significantly predicted higher dissociation scores. This meta-analysis underlines the importance of childhood abuse\/neglect in the etiology of dissociation. The identified moderators may inform risk assessment and early intervention to prevent the development of dissociative symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291718000740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T07:59:03Z","timestamp":1523347143000},"page":"2467-2476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Dissociation in victims of childhood abuse or neglect: a meta-analytic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ruben","family":"Vonderlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Kleindienst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg W.","family":"Alpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bohus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Lyssenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291718000740_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0044-3409\/a000018"},{"key":"S0033291718000740_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"S0033291718000740_ref27","volume-title":"Structured Trauma Interview","author":"Draijer","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0033291718000740_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.024"},{"key":"S0033291718000740_ref13","unstructured":"Campbell LM (1999) Dissociative tendencies and violent behavior in a male forensic psychiatric population. 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