{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:26:50Z","timestamp":1793082410659,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522972800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S003329171800079X_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive models of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) posit dysfunctional appraisal of disorder-relevant stimuli in patients, suggesting disturbances in the processes relying on amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity. Recent neuroanatomical models add to the traditional view of dysfunction in corticostriatal circuits by proposing alterations in an affective circuit including amygdala\u2013prefrontal connections. However, abnormalities in amygdala\u2013prefrontal coupling during symptom provocation, and particularly during conditions that require stimulus appraisal, remain to be demonstrated directly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329171800079X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity was examined in unmedicated OCD patients during appraisal (<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> distraction) of symptom-provoking stimuli compared with an emotional control condition. Subsequent analyses tested whether hypothesized connectivity alterations could be also identified during passive viewing and the resting state in two independent samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329171800079X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During symptom provocation, reductions in positive coupling between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex were observed in OCD patients relative to healthy control participants during appraisal and passive viewing of OCD-relevant stimuli, whereas abnormally high amygdala\u2013ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling was found when appraisal was distracted by a secondary task. In contrast, there were no group differences in amygdala connectivity at rest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329171800079X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our finding of abnormal amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related (relative to generally aversive) stimuli is consistent with the involvement of affective circuits in the functional neuroanatomy of OCD. Aberrant connectivity can be assumed to impact stimulus appraisal and emotion regulation, but might also relate to fear extinction deficits, which have recently been described in OCD. Taken together, we propose to integrate abnormalities in amygdala\u2013prefrontal coupling in affective models of OCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329171800079x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T02:01:48Z","timestamp":1522980108000},"page":"278-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related stimuli in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan 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