{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:44:16Z","timestamp":1790761456421,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719000485_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychotic experiences (PEs) are common in childhood and adolescence and their association with mental disorders is well-established. We aim to conduct a quantitative synthesis the literature on the relationship between childhood and adolescent PEs and (i) any mental disorder; and (ii) specific categories of mental disorder, while stratifying by study design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719000485_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three electronic databases (PUBMED, PsycINFO and EMBASE) were searched from inception to August 2017 for all the published literature on childhood and adolescent PEs and mental disorder (outcome) in non-help-seeking community samples. Study quality was assessed using a recognised quality assessment tool for observational studies. Two authors conducted independent data extraction. Pooled odds ratios were calculated for mental disorders using random-effects models. Additional analyses were conducted investigating different categories of mental disorder while stratifying by study design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719000485_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen studies from 13 community samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 29 517) were identified with 9.8% of participants reporting PEs. PEs were associated with a three-fold increased risk of any mental disorder [odds ratio (OR) 3.08, confidence interval (CI) 2.26\u20134.21,\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12]. PEs were associated with four-fold increase risk of psychotic disorder (OR 3.96, CI 2.03\u20137.73, population-attributable-fraction: 23.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5). In addition, PEs were associated with an increased risk of affective disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioural disorders and substance-use disorders. Few longitudinal studies have investigated childhood and adolescent PEs and subsequent non-psychotic disorders which limited a meaningful synthesis and interpretation of these results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719000485_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis confirms that PEs are prevalent in childhood and adolescent community samples and are associated with a variety of mental disorders beyond psychotic disorders. Further longitudinal research is necessary to fully determine the longitudinal relationship between PEs and non-psychotic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719000485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T04:30:21Z","timestamp":1557894621000},"page":"1589-1599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"title":["Childhood and adolescent psychotic experiences and risk of mental disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-1861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colm","family":"Healy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Brannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niamh","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Coughlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12060768"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref34","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 15","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.11.002"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15101293"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.6"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20514"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002367"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001626"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002108"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.101543"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp057"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002960"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12319"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12154"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712003091"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.005"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001567"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.08.029"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12571"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065953"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-015-0045-8"},{"key":"S0033291719000485_ref18","article-title":"Do childhood psychotic experiences improve the prediction of adolescent psychopathology? 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