{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T02:22:41Z","timestamp":1794450161287,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unnatural causes of death due to traffic accidents (TA) and suicide attempts (SA) constitute a major burden on global health, which remained stable in the last decade despite widespread efforts of prevention. Recently, latent infection with <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>) has been suggested to be a biological risk factor for both TA and SA. Therefore, a systematic search concerning the relationship of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection with TA and\/or SA according to PRISMA guidelines in Medline, Pubmed and PsychInfo was conducted collecting papers up to 11 February 2019 (PROSPERO #CRD42018090206). The random-effect model was applied and sensitivity analyses were subsequently performed. Lastly, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated. We found a significant association for antibodies against <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> with TA [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20\u20132.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003] and SA (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.10\u20131.76, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0006). Indication of publication bias was found for TA, but statistical adjustment for this bias did not change the OR. Heterogeneity between studies on SA was partly explained by type of control population used (OR<jats:sub>healthy controls<\/jats:sub> = 1.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> OR<jats:sub>psychiatric controls<\/jats:sub> = 1.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.87) and whether subjects with schizophrenia only were analysed (OR<jats:sub>schizophrenia<\/jats:sub> = 0.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.62 <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> OR<jats:sub>various<\/jats:sub> = 1.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The association was significantly stronger with higher antibody titres in TA and in studies that did not focus on schizophrenia subjects concerning SA. PAF of a <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection was 17% for TA and 10% for SA. This indicates that preventing <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection may play a role in the prevention of TA or SA, although uncertainty remains whether infection and outcome are truly causally related.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719000813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T04:33:38Z","timestamp":1555994018000},"page":"1608-1623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Driving us mad: the association of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> with suicide attempts and traffic accidents \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9206-2492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjen L.","family":"Sutterland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kuin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bouke","family":"Kuiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"van Gool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Leboyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Fond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieuwe","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800182-0.00003-9"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl073"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00234-2"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.03.036"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0042"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref67","unstructured":"Sutterland AL , Kuiper B , Ribbens JJ , Mounir DA , Van Gool T and de Haan L (2019) Latent Toxoplasma gondii infection is associated with psychopathology but not suicidality in psychosis. In Preparation ."},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12423"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148435"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.05.002"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.583941"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000125"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref59","first-page":"194","article-title":"Latent toxoplasmosis and the involvement in road traffic accidents among a sample of Jordanian drivers","volume":"10","author":"Shotar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.765"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023866"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.045"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.028"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12157"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.10.002"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.08.006"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.08.002"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212375"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.141"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/12.19.PR0.107.6.713-714"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.03.007"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0013"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-210781"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref34","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref27","first-page":"739","article-title":"Road crashes: a modern plague on South Asia's poor","volume":"14","author":"Ghaffar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons \u2013 Pakistan"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref26","first-page":"e011648","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the Portuguese population: comparison of three cross-sectional studies spanning three decades","volume":"6","author":"Gargate","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.10.008"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-294"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061272"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-72"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-11"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.01.007"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.248"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Joinpoint regression analysis of suicides in Denmark during 1980\u20132015","volume":"65","author":"Dyvesether","year":"2018","journal-title":"Danish Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05327blu"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.01.026"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12933"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0690-z"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000037"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60372-X"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.02.020"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040349"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.09.002"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0480-6"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2018.16.1.95"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.07.007"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0820-5"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.01.004"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.19.1690"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.07.014"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref40","first-page":"531","article-title":"The occurrence of lung cancer in man","volume":"9","author":"Levin","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta \u2013 Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.11.011"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.02.011"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.668"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001577"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31045-0"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref10","volume-title":"Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3","author":"Borenstein","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref58","first-page":"115","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii parasite infection among people who died due to sudden death in the capital city of Warsaw and its vicinity","volume":"67","author":"Samojlowicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000166"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000886"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2016.1158677"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1182"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301089"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.03.030"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184930"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-015-0544-6"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.11.002"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181c29a23"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07532"},{"key":"S0033291719000813_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2012.014"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291719000813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T07:12:49Z","timestamp":1568704369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291719000813\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291719000813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291719000813","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]}}}