{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:56:49Z","timestamp":1792803409456,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719002976_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two severe eating disorders associated with high premature mortality, suicidal risk and serious medical complications. Transition between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa over the illness course and familial co-aggregation of the two eating disorders imply aetiological overlap. However, genetic and environmental liabilities to the overlap are poorly understood. Quantitative genetic research using clinical diagnosis is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719002976_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We acquired a clinical diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (prevalence = 0.90%) and bulimia nervosa (prevalence = 0.48%) in a large population-based sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 782 938) of randomly selected full-sisters and maternal half-sisters born in Sweden between 1970 and 2005. Structural equation modelling was applied to quantify heritability of clinically diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and the contributions of genetic and environmental effects on their overlap.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719002976_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The heritability of clinically diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa was estimated at 43% [95% confidence interval (CI) (36\u201350%)] and 41% (31\u201352%), respectively, in the study population, with the remaining variance explained by variance in unique environmental effects. We found statistically significant genetic [0.66, 95% CI (0.49\u20130.82)] and unique environmental correlations [0.55 (0.43\u20130.66)] between the two clinically diagnosed eating disorders; and their overlap was about equally explained by genetic and unique environmental effects [co-heritability 47% (35\u201358%)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291719002976_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study supports shared mechanisms for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and extends the literature from self-reported behavioural measures to clinical diagnosis. The findings encourage future molecular genetic research on both eating disorders and emphasize clinical vigilance for symptom fluctuation between them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719002976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T03:19:43Z","timestamp":1572319183000},"page":"62-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Genetic and environmental contributions to diagnostic fluctuation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9669-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Norring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Birgeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"D\u02bcOnofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Almqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Kuja-Halkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12235","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa, major depression, and suicide attempts: shared genetic factors","volume":"46","author":"Thornton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000288","article-title":"Updates in the epidemiology of eating disorders in Asia and the Pacific","volume":"29","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.3.181","article-title":"Risk factors for eating disorders","volume":"62","author":"Striegel-Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0439-2","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa","volume":"51","author":"Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22736","article-title":"Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa: results from a large clinical longitudinal study","volume":"50","author":"Fichter","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.608","article-title":"Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2737","article-title":"Familial liability for eating disorders and suicide attempts: evidence from a population registry in Sweden","volume":"73","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref40","volume-title":"Behavioral Genetics","author":"Plomin","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","article-title":"Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies","volume":"68","author":"Arcelus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.09.010","article-title":"Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with anorexia nervosa: a UK-Italy study","volume":"51","author":"Fairburn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20168","article-title":"Shared transmission of eating disorders and anxiety disorders","volume":"38","author":"Keel","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(200001)27:1<1::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Twin studies of eating disorders: a review","volume":"27","author":"Bulik","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199209000-00006","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking anorexics and bulimics","volume":"31","author":"Herzog","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.020","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"73","author":"Kessler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.393","article-title":"Controlled family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: evidence of shared liability and transmission of partial syndromes","volume":"157","author":"Strober","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199909)26:2<211::AID-EAT11>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Familial aggregation of eating disorders: results from a controlled family study of bulimia nervosa","volume":"26","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12303","article-title":"Review of 103 Swedish Healthcare Quality Registries","volume":"277","author":"Emilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.031","article-title":"Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia","volume":"129","author":"Westmoreland","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.010","article-title":"A transdiagnostic comparison of enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) and interpersonal psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders","volume":"70","author":"Fairburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.04.003","article-title":"The epidemiology of eating disorders in six European countries: results of the ESEMeD-WMH project","volume":"43","author":"Preti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.010","article-title":"Understanding the relation between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in a Swedish national twin sample","volume":"67","author":"Bulik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2566","article-title":"Exploring boundaries for the genetic consequences of assortative mating for psychiatric traits","volume":"73","author":"Peyrot","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.3192","article-title":"Patterns of nonrandom mating within and across 11 major psychiatric disorders","volume":"73","author":"Nordsletten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2011.11.004","article-title":"Experimental evidence that changes in mood cause changes in body dissatisfaction among undergraduate women","volume":"9","author":"Haedt-Matt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003440","article-title":"Assessing the evidence for shared genetic risks across psychiatric disorders and traits","volume":"48","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000350058","article-title":"Inpatient cognitive behaviour therapy for anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"82","author":"Dalle Grave","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0282-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates","volume":"14","author":"Smink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1003","article-title":"Quality assurance of specialised treatment of eating disorders using large-scale Internet-based collection systems: methods, results and lessons learned from designing the Stepwise database","volume":"18","author":"Birgegard","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07060951","article-title":"Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: implications for DSM-V","volume":"165","author":"Eddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","article-title":"External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register","volume":"11","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.4.732","article-title":"Symptom fluctuation in eating disorders: correlates of diagnostic crossover","volume":"162","author":"Tozzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-013-9602-1","article-title":"Heritability and the equal environments assumption: evidence from multiple samples of misclassified twins","volume":"43","author":"Conley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref1","unstructured":"National Board of Health and Welfare (Sweden) (1987) Klassifikation av Sjukdomar 1987. pp. The Swedish classification of disease based on International Classification of Disease Ninth Version (ICD-9). Stockholm, Sweden: Socialstyrelsen."},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12441","article-title":"Research review: what we have learned about the causes of eating disorders \u2013 a synthesis of sociocultural, psychological, and biological research","volume":"56","author":"Culbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.07.017","article-title":"Re-examining premature mortality in anorexia nervosa: a meta-analysis redux","volume":"55","author":"Keshaviah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","article-title":"An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.469","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa and major depression: shared genetic and environmental risk factors","volume":"157","author":"Wade","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref2","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden (1994) Fakta om den svenska familjen: demografiska rapporter 2. Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10024","article-title":"Does environment matter? A review of nonshared environment and eating disorders","volume":"31","author":"Klump","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802595","article-title":"Negative mood-induced overeating in obese binge eaters: an experimental study","volume":"28","author":"Chua","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16121402","article-title":"Significant locus and metabolic genetic correlations revealed in genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa","volume":"174","author":"Duncan","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08494","article-title":"Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases","volume":"461","author":"Manolio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2215","article-title":"Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa","volume":"161","author":"Kaye","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-011-9483-0","article-title":"Heritability, assortative mating and gender differences in violent crime: results from a total population sample using twin, adoption, and sibling models","volume":"42","author":"Frisell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-014-9435-8","article-title":"Openmx 2.0: extended structural equation and statistical modeling","volume":"81","author":"Neale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20717","article-title":"Validity and utility of subtyping anorexia nervosa","volume":"42","author":"Peat","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref42","article-title":"The psychological and medical factors associated with untreated binge eating disorder","volume":"17","author":"Sheehan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Primary Care Companion to CNS Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.04.036","article-title":"Associations between ADHD and various eating disorders: a Swedish nationwide population study using multiple genetically informative approaches","volume":"86","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.187","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa","volume":"19","author":"Boraska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20251","article-title":"Etiological overlap between obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal cohort, multigenerational family and twin study","volume":"14","author":"Cederlof","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22467","article-title":"Sex- and age-specific incidence of healthcare-register-recorded eating disorders in the complete Swedish 1979\u20132001 birth cohort","volume":"48","author":"Javaras","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8018-2","volume-title":"Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families","author":"Neale","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y","article-title":"Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research","volume":"31","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12829","article-title":"Diagnostic and genetic overlap of three common mental disorders in structured interviews and health registries","volume":"137","author":"Torvik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199905)25:4<399::AID-EAT4>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity of eating disorders in men: a national study of hospitalized veterans","volume":"25","author":"Striegel-Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291719002976_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067551","article-title":"A test of the equal-environment assumption in twin studies of psychiatric-illness","volume":"23","author":"Kendler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291719002976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T07:29:20Z","timestamp":1612164560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291719002976\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291719002976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291719002976","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s) 2019","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}