{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:19:05Z","timestamp":1788207545937,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003003_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of clinical trials in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has steadily increased in recent years. As the number of studies grows, it is important to define the most empirically useful definitions for response and remission in order to enhance field-wide consistency and comparisons of treatment outcomes across studies. In this study, we aim to operationally define treatment response and remission in BDD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003003_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We pooled data from three randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for BDD (combined <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 153) conducted at four academic sites in Sweden, the USA, and England. Using signal detection methods, we examined the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for BDD (BDD\u2013YBOCS) score that most reliably identified patients who responded to CBT and those who achieved remission from BDD symptoms at the end of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003003_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A BDD\u2013YBOCS reduction \u2a7e30% was most predictive of treatment response as defined by the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) \u2013 Improvement scale (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.91, 91% correctly classified). At post-treatment, a BDD\u2013YBOCS score \u2a7d16 was the best predictor of full or partial symptom remission (sensitivity 0.85, specificity 0.99, 97% correctly classified), defined by the CGI \u2013 Severity scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003003_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on these results, we propose conceptual and operational definitions of response and full or partial remission in BDD. A consensus regarding these constructs will improve the interpretation and comparison of future clinical trials, as well as improve communication among researchers, clinicians, and patients. Further research is needed, especially regarding definitions of full remission, recovery, and relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719003003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T07:19:57Z","timestamp":1572419997000},"page":"83-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Empirically defining treatment response and remission in body dysmorphic disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez de la Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Enander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"R\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Steketee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Sarvode Mothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Monzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Veale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mataix-Cols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291719003003_ref1","volume-title":"The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0033291719003003_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.12.007","article-title":"Modular cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"S0033291719003003_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.2.196","article-title":"Body dysmorphic disorder. 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The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}