{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:04:25Z","timestamp":1762376665007},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003416_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disturbed sleep and activity are prominent features of bipolar disorder type I (BP-I). However, the relationship of sleep and activity characteristics to brain structure and behavior in euthymic BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives is unknown. Additionally, underlying genetic relationships between these traits have not been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003416_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relationships between sleep and activity phenotypes, assessed using actigraphy, with structural neuroimaging (brain) and cognitive and temperament (behavior) phenotypes were investigated in 558 euthymic individuals from multi-generational pedigrees including at least one member with BP-I. Genetic correlations between actigraphy-brain and actigraphy-behavior associations were assessed, and bivariate linkage analysis was conducted for trait pairs with evidence of shared genetic influences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003416_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More physical activity and longer awake time were significantly associated with increased brain volumes and cortical thickness, better performance on neurocognitive measures of long-term memory and executive function, and less extreme scores on measures of temperament (impulsivity, cyclothymia). These associations did not differ between BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. For nine activity-brain or activity-behavior pairs there was evidence for shared genetic influence (genetic correlations); of these pairs, a suggestive bivariate quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 for wake duration and verbal working memory was identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291719003416_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that increased physical activity and more adequate sleep are associated with increased brain size, better cognitive function and more stable temperament in BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. Additionally, we found evidence for pleiotropy of several actigraphy-behavior and actigraphy-brain phenotypes, suggesting a shared genetic basis for these traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291719003416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T08:37:21Z","timestamp":1575880641000},"page":"494-502","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic analysis of activity, brain and behavioral associations in extended families with heavy genetic loading for bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Annabel","family":"Vreeker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Fears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan 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