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Accordingly, this study used bivariate dual latent change score (LCS) models to test whether within-person increased GAD severity might relate to future reduced EF.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000422_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Community-dwelling adults (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2581, 46 years on average,\n                      <jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc>\n                      = 11.40, 54.71% female) were assessed for GAD symptom severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form) across three waves, spaced about 9 years apart. Three aspects of EF [inhibition, set-shifting, and mixing costs (MCs; a measure related to common EF)], were assessed with stop-and-go switch tasks. Participants responded to 20 normal and 20 reverse single-task block trials and 32 mixed-task switch block trials. EF tests were administered at time 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      2) and time 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      3), but not at time 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000422_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After controlling for\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 depression, LCS models revealed that within-person increased\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 \u2212\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      2 GAD severity substantially predicted future reduced\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      2 \u2212\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      3 inhibition and set-shifting (both indexed by accuracy and latency), and MC (indexed by latency) with moderate-to-large effect sizes (|\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      | = 0.51\u20130.96).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000422_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results largely support scar theories by offering preliminary within-person, naturalistic evidence that heightened excessive worry can negatively predict future distinct aspects of cognitive flexibility. Effectively targeting pathological worry might prevent difficulties arising from executive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291720000422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T03:00:32Z","timestamp":1584586832000},"page":"1676-1686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Within-person increase in pathological worry predicts future depletion of unique executive functioning domains"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Hani","family":"Zainal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle 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