{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:35:09Z","timestamp":1762299309544,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000719_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive alterations are a central and heterogeneous trait in psychotic disorders, driven by environmental, familial and illness-related factors. In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the impact of high familial risk for cognitive alterations, unconfounded by illness-related factors, on symptomatic outcomes in patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000719_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 629 probands with non-affective psychosis and their sibling not affected by psychosis were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-year follow-up. Familial cognitive risk was modeled by three cognitive subtypes (\u2018normal\u2019, \u2018mixed\u2019 and \u2018impaired\u2019) in the unaffected siblings. Generalized linear mixed models assessed multi-cross-sectional associations between the sibling cognitive subtype and repeated measures of proband symptoms across all assessments. Between-group differences over time were assessed by adding an interaction effect of time and sibling cognitive subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000719_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probands affected by psychosis with a sibling of the impaired cognitive subtype were less likely to be in symptomatic remission and showed more disorganization across all time points. When assessing differences over time, probands of siblings with the impaired cognitive subtype showed less remission and less improvement of disorganization after 3 and 6 years relative to the other subtypes. They also showed less reduction of positive, negative and excitement symptoms at 6-year follow-up compared to probands with a sibling of the normal cognitive subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720000719_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sibling pathways from higher levels of familial cognitive vulnerability to worse long-term outcomes may be informative in identifying cognition-related environmental and genetic risks that impact psychotic illness heterogeneity over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291720000719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T07:13:33Z","timestamp":1586934813000},"page":"1916-1926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between cognitive phenotype in unaffected siblings and prospective 3- and 6-year clinical outcome in their proband affected by psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thijs J.","family":"Burger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Schirmbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jentien M.","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr J.","family":"Quee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariken B.","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bruggeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieuwe","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"GROUP investigator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evidence of shared familial factors influencing neurocognitive endophenotypes in adult- and childhood-onset schizophrenia","author":"Bigdeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp026","article-title":"Social cognition deficits among individuals at familial high risk for schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Eack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2299","article-title":"Association between parental income during childhood and risk of schizophrenia later in life","volume":"77","author":"Hakulinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.01.011","article-title":"The impact of a family history of psychosis on age-at-onset and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Esterberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20310","article-title":"Psychosis as a transdiagnostic and extended phenotype in the general population","volume":"15","author":"van Os","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.155","article-title":"Schizophrenia is a cognitive illness: Time for a change in focus","volume":"70","author":"Kahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0521-x","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: A cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands","volume":"48","author":"Stouten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0047.2004.00359.x","article-title":"Critical evaluation of cognitive dysfunctions as endophenotypes of schizophrenia","volume":"110","author":"Keri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.003","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the developing brain","volume":"13","author":"Hackman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515625908","article-title":"We are family: Specifying the unique contribution of abuse and neglect of siblings on the prevalence, severity, and chronicity of maltreatment in the household","volume":"33","author":"Spano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00017-7","article-title":"Short form of the WAIS-III for use with patients with schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Blyler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a819a1","article-title":"Overadjustment bias and unnecessary adjustment in epidemiologic studies","volume":"20","author":"Schisterman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001693","article-title":"Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia","volume":"42","author":"Dickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12961","article-title":"Long-term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings","volume":"138","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002902","article-title":"Familial aggregation of MATRICS consensus cognitive battery scores in a large sample of outpatients with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives","volume":"48","author":"Mucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00447","article-title":"Dose reduction\/discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs in psychosis; effect on cognition and functional outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Omachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.016","article-title":"Confounding, causality, and confusion: The role of intermediate variables in interpreting observational studies in obstetrics","volume":"217","author":"Ananth","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470977811","volume-title":"Cluster analysis","author":"Everitt","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.11.028","article-title":"Childhood adversities and psychotic symptoms: The potential mediating or moderating role of neurocognition and social cognition","volume":"206","author":"Mansueto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.636","article-title":"The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions","volume":"160","author":"Gottesman","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.03.021","article-title":"The five-factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale II: A ten-fold cross-validation of a revised model","volume":"85","author":"van der Gaag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9109-y","article-title":"What do we know about neuropsychological aspects of schizophrenia?","volume":"19","author":"Palmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.3\/mlambert","article-title":"Remission in schizophrenia: Validity, frequency, predictors, and patients' perspective 5 years later","volume":"12","author":"Lambert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3554","article-title":"Treated incidence of psychotic disorders in the multinational EU-GEI study","volume":"75","author":"Jongsma","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000809","article-title":"Cognitive subtypes in non-affected siblings of schizophrenia patients: Characteristics and profile congruency with affected family members","volume":"44","author":"Quee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.04.2.p061","article-title":"Confidence Intervals from Normalized Data: A correction to Cousineau (2005)","volume":"4","author":"Morey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tutorial in Quantitative Methods for Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.3278","article-title":"Effects of cannabis use on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, and psychosis: A review","volume":"73","author":"Volkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721413485087","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on cognition across development and context","volume":"22","author":"Tucker-Drob","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.3.441","article-title":"Remission in schizophrenia: Proposed criteria and rationale for consensus","volume":"162","author":"Andreasen","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-71","article-title":"Relationship of family caregiver burden with quality of care and psychopathology in a sample of Arab subjects with schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Zahid","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2018.11.006","article-title":"Socioeconomic status amplifies genetic effects in middle childhood in a large German twin sample","volume":"72","author":"Gottschling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt085","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in ultra-high risk to psychosis and first-episode psychosis: Do the cognitive deficits progress over, or after, the onset of psychosis?","volume":"40","author":"Bora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.12.1297","article-title":"Elaboration on premorbid intellectual performance in schizophrenia: Premorbid intellectual decline and risk for schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Reichenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.017","article-title":"A quantitative meta-analysis of population-based studies of premorbid intelligence and schizophrenia","volume":"132","author":"Khandaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0809-y","article-title":"Evaluating significance in linear mixed-effects models in R","volume":"49","author":"Luke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"volume-title":"Pattern classification and scene analysis","year":"1973","author":"Duda","key":"S0033291720000719_ref17"},{"volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2016","key":"S0033291720000719_ref53"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.05.033","article-title":"Disorganization and reality distortion in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the relationship between positive symptoms and neurocognitive deficits","volume":"121","author":"Ventura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq072","article-title":"Intelligence and education: Causal perceptions drive analytic processes and therefore conclusions","volume":"39","author":"Deary","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.12.005","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Brief Version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in relatives of patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and non-psychiatric controls","volume":"91","author":"Compton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.09.009","article-title":"Longitudinal studies of cognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Implications for MATRICS","volume":"72","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2010.01566.x","article-title":"Evidence for a familial correlation between increased reactivity to stress and positive psychotic symptoms","volume":"122","author":"Lataster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.03.002","article-title":"The relationship between level of cognitive impairments and functional outcome trajectories in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"190","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000641","article-title":"Latent structure of cognition in schizophrenia: A confirmatory factor analysis of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB)","volume":"45","author":"McCleery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001263","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental origin of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"Bora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00182","article-title":"A systematic review of cognitive function in first-episode psychosis, including a discussion on childhood trauma, stress, and inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Aas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr058","article-title":"Social cognitive impairments and psychotic symptoms: What is the nature of their association?","volume":"39","author":"Fett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.089","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in subjects at risk for psychosis, first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients","volume":"274","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01777.x","article-title":"Cognitive alterations in patients with non-affective psychotic disorder and their unaffected siblings and parents","volume":"125","author":"Meijer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.04.041","article-title":"A cross-national factor analytic comparison of three models of PANSS symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"219","author":"Stefanovics","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1985.9711004","article-title":"Learning and retrieval rate of words presented auditorily and visually","volume":"112","author":"Brand","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of General Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1352","article-title":"Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP), a multi-site longitudinal cohort study focused on gene-environment interaction: Objectives, sample characteristics, recruitment and assessment methods","volume":"21","author":"Korver","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1046","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08355","article-title":"Symptomatic remission and cognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: A prospective 3-year follow-up study","volume":"74","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/10.2.160","article-title":"Information processing and attentional functioning in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders","volume":"10","author":"Nuechterlein","year":"1984","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw146","article-title":"Heritability of neuropsychological measures in schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Blokland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4491","article-title":"Association of childhood infection with IQ and adult nonaffective psychosis in Swedish men: A population-based longitudinal cohort and co-relative study","volume":"75","author":"Khandaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.09.007","article-title":"Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Nuechterlein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19050527","article-title":"Distinct polygenic score profiles in schizophrenia subgroups with different trajectories of cognitive development","volume":"177","author":"Dickinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12317","article-title":"Family history of psychosis and social, occupational and global outcome in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Kakela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12102","article-title":"Effect of illness expression and liability on familial associations of clinical and subclinical psychosis phenotypes","volume":"129","author":"Lataster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003460","article-title":"Tests of executive functions in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients: A meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Sz\u00f6ke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17121383","article-title":"All for one and one for all: Mental disorders in one dimension","volume":"175","author":"Caspi","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.03.005","article-title":"Is disorganization a feature of schizophrenia or a modifying influence: Evidence of covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample","volume":"217","author":"Feigenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291720000719_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.473","article-title":"Symptomatic and functional recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder","volume":"161","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291720000719","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T11:00:30Z","timestamp":1629457230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291720000719\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291720000719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291720000719","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0033-2917"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8978"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}