{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:42:52Z","timestamp":1792442572193,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720001464_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-national studies have found, unexpectedly, that mental disorder prevalence is higher in high-income relative to low-income countries, but few rigorous studies have been conducted in very low-income countries. This study assessed mental disorders in Nepal, employing unique methodological features designed to maximize disorder detection and reporting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720001464_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2016\u20132018, 10714 respondents aged 15\u201359 were interviewed as part of an ongoing panel study, with a response rate of 93%. The World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI 3.0) measured lifetime and 12-month prevalence of selected anxiety, mood, alcohol use, and impulse control disorders. Lifetime recall was enhanced using a life history calendar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720001464_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lifetime prevalence ranged from 0.3% (95% CI 0.2\u20130.4) for bipolar disorder to 15.1% (95% CI 14.4\u201315.7) for major depressive disorder. The 12-month prevalences were low, ranging from 0.2% for panic disorder (95% CI 0.1\u20130.3) and bipolar disorder (95% CI 0.1\u20130.2) to 2.7% for depression (95% CI 2.4\u20133.0). Lifetime disorders were higher among those with less education and in the low-caste ethnic group. Gender differences were pronounced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720001464_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although cultural effects on reporting cannot be ruled out, these low 12-month prevalences are consistent with reduced prevalence of mental disorders in other low-income countries. Identification of sociocultural factors that mediate the lower prevalence of mental disorders in low-income, non-Westernized settings may have implications for understanding disorder etiology and for clinical or policy interventions aimed at facilitating resilience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291720001464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T10:42:34Z","timestamp":1591008154000},"page":"2825-2834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Resilience to mental disorders in a low-income, non-Westernized setting"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Kate 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