{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:25:39Z","timestamp":1791833139163,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720002299_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In research and clinical practice, familial risk for depression and anxiety is often constructed as a simple Yes\/No dichotomous family history (FH) indicator. However, this measure may not fully capture the liability to these conditions. This study investigated whether a continuous familial loading score (FLS), incorporating family- and disorder-specific characteristics (e.g. family size, prevalence of depression\/anxiety), (i) is associated with a polygenic risk score (PRS) for major depression and with clinical\/psychosocial vulnerabilities and (ii) still captures variation in clinical\/psychosocial vulnerabilities after information on FH has been taken into account.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720002299_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data came from 1425 participants with lifetime depression and\/or anxiety from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The Family Tree Inventory was used to determine FLS\/FH indicators for depression and\/or anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720002299_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persons with higher FLS had higher PRS for major depression, more severe depression and anxiety symptoms, higher disease burden, younger age of onset, and more neuroticism, rumination, and childhood trauma. Among these variables, FH was not associated with PRS, severity of symptoms, and neuroticism. After regression out the effect of FH from the FLS, the resulting residualized measure of FLS was still associated with severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety, rumination, and childhood trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720002299_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Familial risk for depression and anxiety deserves clinical attention due to its associated genetic vulnerability and more unfavorable disease profile, and seems to be better captured by a continuous score that incorporates family- and disorder-specific characteristics than by a dichotomous FH measure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291720002299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T02:41:02Z","timestamp":1594003262000},"page":"696-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Familial risk for depressive and anxiety disorders: associations with genetic, clinical, and psychosocial vulnerabilities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6532-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonore D.","family":"van Sprang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique F.","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3697-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Milaneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8917-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernet M.","family":"Elzinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-1410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aartjan T. F.","family":"Beekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8094-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catharina A.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3421-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert M.","family":"van Hemert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda W. J. H.","family":"Penninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2006.10.003"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt114"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.101253"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000430"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080326"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.020"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.256"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.027"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref52","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Depression in parents, parenting, and children: Opportunities to improve identification, treatment, and prevention","author":"National Research Council","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-9-31"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.07.005"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.05.024"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00146-9"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20165"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref24","volume-title":"Handleiding NEO persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten","author":"Hoekstra","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22607"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.2.97"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018055"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.55"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.5.620"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.090"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.048"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.12.016"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179238"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0013-8"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.021"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01491.x"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00111-X"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.99"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06176blu"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07m03571"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/jcop.16.4.405.52529"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002681"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000205"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000407"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic stratification of depression by neuroticism: Revisiting a diagnostic tradition","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990416)88:2<173::AID-AJMG15>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)90036-1"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002105X"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.266"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref12","first-page":"102","article-title":"Effects of sibling relationship with a child with severe disabilities on the child without disabilities: A review of research","volume":"31","author":"Del Rosario","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Disabilities Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbp.2012.04.009"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003115"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)00081-X"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0554-y"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0873-y"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002116"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref39","first-page":"143","article-title":"The Life Chart Interview: A standardized method to describe the course of psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Lyketsos","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168300700301"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref57","volume-title":"Anxiety Sensitivity Index manual","author":"Peterson","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000423"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1586"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.023"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.076869"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.620"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2011.621932"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12551"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070245"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.01.014"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035558"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"A cognitive model of the familial transmission of depression","volume":"00","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00148-7"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.6.527"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.09.001"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003786"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m09936"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.01.009"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref38","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Sibling development: Implications for mental health practicioners","author":"Lukens","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020327"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2009.05.009"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136319"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2017.30"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613513469"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.02.013"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.038"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-005-0012-9"},{"key":"S0033291720002299_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0334-8"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291720002299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T04:09:17Z","timestamp":1723176557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291720002299\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291720002299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291720002299","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}