{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T22:22:43Z","timestamp":1784154163380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003372_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) responses to self-blaming emotion-evoking stimuli were previously found in individuals prone to self-blame with and without a history of major depressive disorder (MDD). This suggested SCC activation reflects self-blaming emotions such as guilt, which are central to models of MDD vulnerability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003372_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we re-examined these hypotheses in an independent larger sample. A total of 109 medication-free participants (70 with remitted MDD and 39 healthy controls) underwent fMRI whilst judging self- and other-blaming emotion-evoking statements. They also completed validated questionnaires of proneness to self-blaming emotions including those related to internal (autonomy) and external (sociotropy) evaluation, which were subjected to factor analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003372_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An interaction between group (remitted MDD <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> Control) and condition (self- <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> other-blame) was observed in the right SCC (BA24). This was due to higher SCC signal for self-blame in remitted MDD and higher other-blame-selective activation in Control participants. Across the whole sample, extracted SCC activation cluster averages for self- <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> other-blame were predicted by a regression model which included the reliable components derived from our factor analysis of measures of proneness to self-blaming emotions. Interestingly, this prediction was solely driven by autonomy\/self-criticism, and adaptive guilt factors, with no effect of sociotropy\/dependency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003372_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite confirming the prediction of SCC activation in self-blame-prone individuals and those vulnerable to MDD, our results suggest that SCC activation reflects blame irrespective of where it is directed rather than selective for self. We speculate that self-critical individuals have more extended SCC representations for blame in the context of self-agency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291720003372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T08:45:15Z","timestamp":1601023515000},"page":"1560-1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Subgenual activation and the finger of blame: individual differences and depression vulnerability"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Karen E","family":"Lythe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Gethin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford I","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Lambon Ralph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.W.","family":"Deakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8447-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Zahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref25","volume-title":"The hare psychopathy checklist-revised","author":"Hare","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790200021003"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.038"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.05.009"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.49.1.341"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref55","volume-title":"Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain: 3-dimensional proportional system : An approach to cerebral imaging","author":"Talairach","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.034"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref61","first-page":"107","article-title":"Subgenual cingulate activity reflects individual differences in empathic concern","volume":"457","author":"Zahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroscienceLetters"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.135"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36273"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s13380-012-0009-x"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2014.980587"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.5.513"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref53","volume-title":"Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences","author":"Stevens","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00902"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.1.49"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.27"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23566"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref56","volume-title":"The test of self-conscious affect- 3 (TOSCA-3)","author":"Tangney","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607061104"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref5","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy of depression","author":"Beck","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.033"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1944"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000370"},{"key":"S0033291720003372_ref8","unstructured":"Brett, M. , Anton, J.-L. , Valabregue, R. , & Poline, J.-B. 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