{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:28:56Z","timestamp":1790504936647,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003785_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is currently being used to treat social anxiety disorder (SAD); however, VRET's magnitude of efficacy, duration of efficacy, and impact on treatment discontinuation are still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003785_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that investigated the efficacy of VRET for SAD. The search strategy and analysis method are registered at PROSPERO (#CRD42019121097). Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies that targeted patients with SAD or related phobias; (2) studies where VRET was conducted for at least three sessions; (3) studies that included at least 10 participants. The primary outcome was social anxiety evaluation score change. Hedges'\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      and its 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effect models. The secondary outcome was the risk ratio for treatment discontinuation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003785_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-two studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 703) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The efficacy of VRET for SAD was significant and continued over a long-term follow-up period: Hedges'\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      for effect size at post-intervention, \u22120.86 (\u22121.04 to \u22120.68); three months post-intervention, \u22121.03 (\u22121.35 to \u22120.72); 6 months post-intervention, \u22121.14 (\u22121.39 to \u22120.89); and 12 months post-intervention, \u22120.74 (\u22121.05 to \u22120.43). When compared to\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposure, the efficacy of VRET was similar at post-intervention but became inferior at later follow-up points. Participant dropout rates showed no significant difference compared to\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291720003785_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VRET is an acceptable treatment for SAD patients that has significant, long-lasting efficacy, although it is possible that during long-term follow-up, VRET efficacy lessens as compared to\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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