{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T03:34:43Z","timestamp":1793072083095,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721000349_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous research has suggested that there is substantial heterogeneity in the developmental trajectories of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Sometimes, qualitative distinctions between trajectories with different ages of onset and\/or patterns of remission are made; however, little is known about the predictors and broader clinical meaningfulness of these candidate \u2018developmental subtypes\u2019 of ADHD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721000349_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We applied latent class growth analysis to data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS;<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 11 316; ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14) to evaluate whether developmental trajectories of ADHD symptoms differing in early life predictors could be identified. Our optimal model included six trajectory groups, labelled<jats:italic>unaffected<\/jats:italic>(34.9% of the sample),<jats:italic>mildly affected<\/jats:italic>(24.1%),<jats:italic>subclinical remitting<\/jats:italic>(12.8%),<jats:italic>pre-school onset partially remitting<\/jats:italic>(14.1%),<jats:italic>developmentally increasing<\/jats:italic>(7.6%) and<jats:italic>pre-school onset persistent<\/jats:italic>(6.4%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721000349_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Factors such as gender, conduct problems, cognitive ability, maternal education, premature birth, peer problems and school readiness scores differentiated between specific ADHD symptom trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721000349_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, our findings provide preliminary evidence that distinguishing different trajectories of ADHD symptoms could be clinically informative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721000349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T10:29:32Z","timestamp":1616754572000},"page":"3590-3596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Developmental trajectories of ADHD symptoms in a large population-representative longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aja Louise","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hildigunnur Anna","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia 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