{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T19:26:41Z","timestamp":1769455601550,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721001574_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Familial co-aggregation studies of eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia reveal shared genetic and environment factors, yet their etiological and clinical relationship remains unclear. We evaluate the influence of schizophrenia family history on clinical outcomes of EDs.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721001574_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted a cohort evaluation of the association between family history of schizophrenia and ED clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and somatic and mental health burden in individuals born in Sweden 1977\u20132003 with anorexia nervosa (AN) or other EDs (OED: bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and ED not otherwise specified).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721001574_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Of 12 424 individuals with AN and 20 716 individuals with OED, 599 (4.8%) and 1118 (5.4%), respectively, had a family history of schizophrenia (in up to third-degree relatives). Among individuals with AN, schizophrenia in first-degree relatives was significantly associated with increased comorbid attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [HR(95% CI) 2.26 (1.27\u20133.99)], substance abuse disorder (SUD) [HR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.25\u20132.98)], and anxiety disorders [HR (95% CI) 1.47 (1.08\u20132.01)], but higher lowest illness-associated body mass index (BMI) [1.14 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 95% CI (0.19\u20132.10)]. Schizophrenia in any relative (up to third-degree) in AN was significantly associated with higher somatic and mental health burden, but lower ED psychopathology scores [\u22120.29, 95% CI (\u22120.54 to \u22120.04)]. Schizophrenia in first-degree relatives in individuals with OED was significantly associated with increased comorbid ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, SUD, anxiety disorders, somatic and mental health burden, and suicide attempts.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721001574_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We observed different patterns of ED-related outcomes, psychiatric comorbidity, and illness burden in individuals with EDs with and without family histories of schizophrenia and provide new insights into the diverse manifestations of EDs.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721001574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T08:56:39Z","timestamp":1619772999000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association of family history of schizophrenia and clinical outcomes in individuals with eating disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Ruyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Kuja-Halkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Birgeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5888-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1003"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718000685"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2215"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-013-0436-x"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12050599"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.469"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.083"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18101125"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0313-5"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.08.003"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0937-8"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00172.x"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2006.11.012"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0749-x"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0439-2"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20309"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700027744"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S209284"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00201-5"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221254.77675.f5"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.156"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0575-1"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.11.011"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902253400803"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16121402"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.784"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700038083"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.031"},{"key":"S0033291721001574_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.09.023"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291721001574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T08:56:41Z","timestamp":1619773001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291721001574\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0033291721001574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291721001574","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re- use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}